Improving Patient Care with Cellma’s Electronic Health Record
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents The disordered and chaotic corridors of the hospital are a regular thing. Healthcare provider teams stretched thin, coordinating with various departments and making sure the latest patient information was available to all. Despite all the best efforts, miscommunications and delays are unavoidable. Often, an important lab report is missing, an imaging result is not updated on time leading to delay in diagnosis and treatment, and the bed management is a logistical nightmare. Due to such issues the hospital needs a solution that can streamline operations and help improve patient care. That solution is Cellma– with a revolutionary inbuilt Electronic Health Record (EHR) system, designed to streamline and organise healthcare operations and improve patient outcomes leading to enhanced efficiency.Cellma is our HIMS solution with integrated electronic health record system, that addresses the challenges faced in healthcare operations and management. With administrative tasks and clinical management, Cellma brings together all aspects of patient care. Cellma can integrate across various hospital departments and ensure that healthcare providers have quick access to important information. This improves efficiency, reduce errors, and enhance patient outcomes. Cellma has more than 30 modules which can be used as standalone or combination of any modules. Few of Cellma’s distinct and core modules are- Electronic Patient Record (EPR) The Electronic Patient Record (EPR) module of Cellma provides a centralised digital storage for all patient information. Cellma ensures that every piece of patient data—from demographics to medical history—is easily accessible to authorised healthcare providers. Cellma’s EPR module records all the patient data throughout their care pathways no matter where the services are delivered. Cellma’s EPR stores basic information on patient demographics and includes essential features such as but not limited to PAS, reporting, communication, ward and bed management, theatres, and pharmacy. Our EPR module is fully integrated with order communication and lab providers for bi-directional connectivity. Cellma’s EPR has the feature to prevent duplication and merging or unmerging of patient records. Patient Administration System (PAS) Cellma’s Patient Administration System (PAS) streamlines the administrative tasks such as patient registration, appointment scheduling, and admission/discharge processes. With PAS, the administrative burden is notably reduced and allows staff to focus more on patient care rather than paperwork. PAS module includes the referral procedure to specialised consultants. PAS simplifies the centralised booking appointments process. Also, in Cellma, appointments can be booked using the web portal or app. With PAS, patients can automatically receive reminders and confirmations through texts/emails. Document Management With Cellma’s document management module all patient documents, including consent forms, treatment plans, and discharge summaries, are securely stored and easily accessible to the healthcare providers. This reduces the risk of lost paperwork and enhances the efficiency of hospital operations by providing a centralised storage for all important documents. This module is integrated with Cellma’s EPR module, which allows users to scan patient case notes, investigation results and other correspondence directly into the patient record. Imaging Cellma’s Imaging module can integrate without any difficulty with the hospital’s radiology department and allows quick and secure sharing of imaging results. Radiologists can upload X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans directly into the patient’s digital record. This makes the reports immediately available to all relevant healthcare providers. With Cellma’s imaging module patient care providers can effectively manage all imaging requests, reports, and findings within their institution linked to their patient’s records. Imaging requests made via Cellma, or any other third-party systems are authenticated, processed, confirmed, and then linked to the patient’s records. Transcription errors can be avoided with Cellma’s integrated imaging. Clinicians and patients can receive alerts through text or email when tests are completed, or results are abnormal. Labs Cellma’s Labs module ensures that laboratory results are efficiently processed and recorded. Due to automated workflows, the chances of errors are reduced and results are directly linked to the patient’s record. Through Cellma’s lab module, patient care providers effectively manage all pathology requests, reports, and findings within their institution linked to their patient’s records. Cellma can integrate with the existing lab analysers or third-party technology and transfer all the information. Ward and Bed Management Efficient Ward and Bed Management is very important in any hospital setting. This module of Cellma helps healthcare providers manage bed availability, patient transfers, and ward allocations effectively. Cellma’s Ward & Bed Management module offers accessible graphical interfaces and simplifies the ward administration within an organisation. It manages live ward capacity, staffing levels, live bed status, and scheduled and emergency admissions across the inpatient community. Theatre and Surgery The theatre and surgery module streamline the scheduling and management of surgical procedures. Surgical teams have all the necessary information, patient records, surgical plans, and post-operative care instructions, readily and quickly available. They can easily manage patients throughout the surgical pathway- from emergency, trauma, and elective surgery to post-operative care. E – Pharmacy The E-Pharmacy module integrates prescription management with the hospital’s pharmacy. Physicians can prescribe medications electronically, and pharmacists receive the prescriptions in real-time. Cellma’s Pharmacy Medicines Management & Electronic Prescribing/Medicines Administration are seamlessly integrated with each other and ensures quality, safety, and efficiency for all prescribed and dispensed items. Cellma’s E-pharmacy & E-prescribing module is integrated with the billing module and hence, it automatically records and generates patient-level costing. Communication Effective communication is important for smooth hospital operations. Cellma’s communication module provides secure messaging and collaboration tools and allows healthcare providers to communicate without any issues. Cellma lets the patient participate take their health care in their own hands through self-registration, feedback, and access to specific parts of their medical record. Users can share information via text, email, and patient portal. Communication module assists the hospital administration to inform patients about test results, treatment options, and upcoming appointments. Cellma- with a revolutionary inbuilt Electronic Health Record (EHR) system, helps hospitals face the challenges of modern healthcare and efficiently manage healthcare management. Cellma elevates operational efficiency, patient outcomes and satisfaction. Explore the benefits of Cellma and book a free demo today. Take the first step
A Guide to Menopause Symptoms, Stages and Changes
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents When Amber turned 48, she started noticing that her menstrual cycles were becoming irregular. Amber also found herself waking up several times at night, struggling to get back to sleep, and feeling unusually anxious and irritable during the day. As she was concerned about these changes, Amber consulted her gynaecologist, who explained that she was entering menopause. Amber’s experience is like that of many women and highlights the importance of understanding this process and its impact on health and well-being. What is Menopause? It is the time that marks the end of menstrual cycles. It’s diagnosed when you have gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. It’s a natural process that occurs when your ovaries stop producing necessary reproductive hormones. If its due to surgery or medical treatment, it is called induced menopause. Hormonal changes due to menopause cause uncomfortable physical and emotional symptoms. The physical symptoms, such as hot flashes and emotional symptoms of menopause, might disrupt sleep, lower energy and also affect emotional health. There are various effective treatments available, from hormone therapy to adjustments in lifestyle. According to WHO, most women experience menopause between the ages of 45 and 55 years as a natural part of biological ageing. If it is before the age of 40 it is considered premature and can be due to medical conditions or certain treatments. Stages of Menopause Menopause is the permanent ending of menstruation, but the process is gradual and happens in three stages: Perimenopause – Also known as menopause transition, begins eight to ten years prior. In this stage, ovaries slowly produce less oestrogen. It usually starts in the 40s and can last for several months to several years. In this stage, many begin to experience symptoms such as irregular periods, hot flashes and mood swings. Menopause – This is the stage where menstrual periods stop. Ovaries don’t release eggs and there is a significant decrease in oestrogen and progesterone production. Healthcare provider diagnoses this when you have gone without a period for 12 consecutive months. Unlike the other two stages, this stage itself is a defined moment and hence, you do not stay in this stage. Postmenopause: This is the stage after menopause where you stay for the rest of your life. While most of the menopause symptoms ease up in postmenopause, you can still have mild menopausal symptoms for several years in this stage. Additionally, people in the postmenopause stage are at an increased risk of osteoporosis and heart diseases due to low oestrogen levels. Hormonal Changes Within Each Stage Perimenopause: During this stage, oestrogen and progesterone levels begin to decline. As these hormones fluctuate significantly, it leads to irregular menstrual cycles and symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, weight changes and sleep disturbances. Menopause: The ovaries produce very little oestrogen and progesterone. Due to the sudden drop in these hormones, it triggers many of the common symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes, night sweats, and mood changes. Postmenopause: Oestrogen levels remain low, and the body adjusts to these lower hormone levels. But the reduction in oestrogen may lead to increased health risks, such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. What are the Menopause Symptoms? The menopause symptoms vary widely among women and can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include: Irregular periods or periods that are heavier or lighter than usual. Hot flashes are also known as vasomotor symptoms (a sudden feeling of warmth that spreads over your body). Night sweats and cold flashes. Vaginal dryness that causes discomfort during sex. Urinary urgency (a pressing need to pee more frequently). Difficulty sleeping. Emotional changes (irritability, mood swings or depression). Dry skin, dry eyes or dry mouth. Some people might also experience: Racing heart. Headaches. Joint and muscle aches and pains. Changes in libido (sex drive). Difficulty concentrating or memory lapses (often temporary). Weight gain. Hair loss or thinning. Changes in the hormone levels cause these symptoms. Some people have intense symptoms of menopause, while others have mild symptoms. Not everyone will have the same symptoms as they transition to menopause. Contact a healthcare provider if you’re unsure if your symptoms are related to menopause or another health condition. Why Does Menopause Happen? When menopause happens on its own, i.e., it’s a natural menopause, it’s a natural ageing process. Menopause is when you go a complete year without periods without any surgery or medical conditions. As you age, the reproductive cycle slows down and prepares to stop. This cycle has been continuously functioning since puberty, and as menopause nears, the ovaries produce less oestrogen. When this decrease occurs, the menstrual cycle (period) starts to change. It can become irregular and then stop. Physical changes can also happen as your body adapts to different hormone levels. The symptoms you experience during each stage of menopause are all part of your body’s adjustment to these changes. What are the Health Risks of Menopause? Healthcare providers may want to keep a close eye on your health as, due to low oestrogen levels, you are at higher risk for conditions like osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases after menopause. You might get prescribed treatment if necessary. Osteoporosis Osteoporosis occurs when the insides of your bones become less dense, making them more fragile and likely to fracture. Oestrogen plays an important role in preserving bone mass, and it signals bone cells to stop breaking down. People lose an average of 25% of their bone mass from the time of menopause to age 60. This is largely because of the loss of oestrogen. Your healthcare provider may want to test the strength of your bones over time. Bone mineral density testing, also called bone densitometry, is a quick way to see how much calcium you have in certain parts of your bones. Cardiovascular diseases After menopause, the risk for cardiovascular disease likely increases because of several things like: The loss of oestrogen. Increased blood pressure. Certain lifestyle habits like smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol or eating unhealthy foods (if these habits apply to you). A decrease in physical
Optimising Obstetrics and Gynaecology Operations with Cellma
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents In hospitals, the department of obstetrics and gynaecology is always busy. Each day begins with long queues of expectant mothers and women seeking care for various gynaecological issues. The team of doctors, nurses and administrative staff of the department works dedicatedly and tirelessly. But managing patient records, scheduling appointments, maintaining the antenatal care and maternity care records, and having smooth communication between departments often feels like a battle. One busy afternoon, Dr Kim, the head of the obstetrics department, in a 500-bed hospital, received a call about an emergency C-section. As she hurried to the operating room, she was told by the accompanying nurse that the patient’s records were incomplete. Important details about the patient’s medical history were missing and getting all the details would take precious time. This was a clear reminder of the challenges the department faced daily and highlighted the urgent need for a more efficient system. With Cellma, hospitals can easily avoid such challenges and manage the administration, patient scheduling, patient records, prescriptions, images, labs, and communication between doctor and patients as well as between departments. Obstetrics and Gynaecology Challenges – The Numbers Paint a Picture Fibroids: According to National Institutes of Health, up to 70% of women develop fibroids by the age of 50, though many won’t experience symptoms. Endometriosis: According to Endometriosis UK an estimated 1 in 10 women of reproductive age in the UK are affected by endometriosis. C-Section Rates: UK has a relatively low maternal mortality rate, but according to the NHS Maternity Statistics, England the caesarean section rate remains significantly high and is around 28% . Cervical Cancer: Cervical cancer is a concern, with an estimated 2,291 new cases diagnosed each year in the UK as researched by Cancer Research UK. The department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Hospitals face various challenges on daily basis- • Incomplete Patient Records: Due to incomplete patient records, accessing full patient histories is often difficult and leads to delays in diagnosis and treatment. • Appointment Scheduling: Managing high volume of patients and coordinating schedules might lead to double bookings and long wait times. • Communication Gaps: Ensuring timely and effective communication between different departments and healthcare providers is challenging and might result in important information being missed. • Administrative Burden: The extensive paperwork and administrative tasks can impact patient care and also lead to missed details, misplaced paperwork, etc. Cellma Provides Solutions to Such Challenges Cellma, our all-in-one Hospital Information Management System (HIMS) offers solutions to these challenges: • Integrated Patient Records: Cellma provides a centralised digital storage for patient information and ensures that complete medical histories are readily accessible to healthcare providers through Electronic Patient Record (EPR) module. • Efficient Appointment Scheduling: With Cellma’s Patient App and Portal, registered patients can book appointments online, and the system automatically manages schedules to prevent double bookings and reduce wait times. • Enhanced Communication: Cellma facilitates real-time sharing of information between departments and ensures that all relevant healthcare providers are informed and up to date. This is carried in Cellma’s Multi-Disciplinary Team and Communication module. • Reduced Administrative Load: In Cellma, through the tasks, worklists, pathways functionalities, hospitals can automate many administrative tasks and free up more time for healthcare providers to focus on patient care. These functionalities provide end to end tracking. Cellma, as a comprehensive electronic health records (EHR) system, provides gynaecologists and obstetricians with access to a patient’s complete medical history, including details such as assessments, lifestyles, investigations, examinations, tests, results, medications, diagnosis, procedural information, conditions, maternal history, etc. Through Cellma, doctors automatically get associated with their patients through their unique patient identifier. Cellma sends alerts and notifications to clinicians about health updates and reminds them of routine screenings. How Cellma can Transform Your OB/GYN Practice? Managing prenatal care is simple with Cellma. With Cellma’s PAS module, online booking system offers to manage and facilitate processes that are related to patient registrations, appointments scheduling, rescheduling, and cancelling. Cellma provides exceptional support for hospitals in managing the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department. Also, Cellma makes the hospital appointment-booking process much easier. Appointments can be booked by patients with the help of the patient web portal and app by selecting clinic type, clinic location, and appointment date, which shows the user the available time slots. Cellma can also integrate with third-party systems such as laboratory systems and imaging systems and allows direct access to results using FHIR HL7, SOAP, ODBC, JDBC, and bespoke messaging. Cellma’s Patient App and portal empowers the patient to take control of their health journey. Patient can be alerted via the app if medication reviews, or investigation results are not as expected based on historical results. Cellma’s Reporting module provides hospitals with clinical, managerial, and financial reports on all the data collected. Cellma provides various types of reports, such as Simple, Email, Service, ARS, and SSRS reports, in formats such as dashboards, ad-hoc (tabular or graphic), and pre-defined reports. Analysing the reports and trends will help in decision-making. Cellma not only improves the operational efficiency and enhances the patient experience but also ensures timely, accurate and compassionate care. Book a demo now and experience the highest quality of digital healthcare with confidence and ease. Book A Free Demo! Recent Blogs Let’s transform healthcare together. Speak with RioMed for a tailored solution. Get in Touch
Guide to Uterine Fibroids Symptoms, Causes and Risks
Table of Contents A Guide to Uterine Fibroids: Symptoms, Causes, and Risks Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents Navia, a 39-year-old teacher, started experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding and chronic lower back pain. She assumed it was due to stress and long hours on her feet. But she continued experiencing these, and they affected her daily routine. After visiting her gynaecologist, Navia was informed she has uterine fibroids. Navia’s experience highlights the need for and importance of being informed about fibroids. In this blog, we will learn what uterine fibroids are, their symptoms, causes, and effects on the body, and when to see a doctor. What are Uterine Fibroids Uterine fibroids are common growths of the uterus, and they appear during the reproductive years. Uterine Fibroids are non-cancerous and are not linked with a higher risk of cancer in the uterus either. They are also called leiomyomas (lie-o-my-O-muhs) or myomas. Fibroids vary in number and size. You can have a single fibroid or more than one. Some of these growths are too small to see with the eyes. Others can grow to the size of a grapefruit or larger. Many people have uterine fibroids sometime during their lives. But as they often cause no symptoms, they are hard to notice. Types of uterine fibroids- There are different types of uterine fibroids depending on where they’re located and how they attach. Specific types of uterine fibroids include: Intramural fibroids: These fibroids are embedded into the muscular wall of your uterus. They’re the most common type. Submucosal fibroids: These fibroids grow under the inner lining of your uterus. Subserosal fibroids: This type of fibroid grows under the lining of the outer surface of your uterus. They can become quite large and grow into your pelvis. There are variations of submucosal or subserosal fibroids named as pedunculated submucosal fibroids and pedunculated subserosal fibroids. The least common type, these fibroids attach to your uterus with a stalk or stem. They’re often described as mushroom-like because they have a stalk and then a wider top. Who is at risk of Getting Affected by Uterine Fibroids? Uterine Fibroids may affect any woman of reproductive age, but there are certain factors that might increase the risk of getting affected by this condition: Age: Mostly women between the age of 40-50 are diagnosed with this condition. Family History: A woman whose mother or sister is affected by fibroids is more likely to develop them. Ethnicity: African American women are more likely to develop fibroids and tend to have more severe symptoms. Obesity: Women who are overweight or obese have a higher risk of developing fibroids. Diet: A diet high in red meat and low in green vegetables, fruit, and dairy can increase the risk. Prevalence and Importance of Education Fibroids are incredibly common, and many will not experience symptoms. Given their prevalence, it’s important for women to be educated about uterine fibroids, their symptoms, and treatment options. Awareness will lead to early diagnosis and better management and also reduce the risk of labour complications. Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids- Many women might not experience the symptoms, but others might face a range of symptoms, such as-. Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Excessive bleeding during periods can lead to anaemia. Prolonged Menstrual Periods: Periods that last more than a week. Constipation: Fibroids pressing on the rectum can lead to bowel issues. Backache or Leg Pains: If fibroids press on nerves, they can cause pain in the back or legs. Frequent Urination: The need to urinate often is caused by fibroids pressing on the bladder. Difficulty Emptying the Bladder: A sensation that the bladder doesn’t empty completely. Pelvic Pain and Pressure: Persistent pain or pressure in the pelvic region. When to See a Doctor If you experience any of the following, consulting a doctor is important- – Heavy or prolonged periods – Severe or persistent pelvic pain or pressure – Difficulty with urination or bowel movements How Uterine Fibroids Affect the Body Uterine Fibroids might impact women’s bodies in various ways: Reproductive Issues: This condition interferes with fertility and pregnancy and also increases the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, and complications during labour. Anaemia: Long term heavy bleeding may lead to anaemia and result in fatigue and weakness. Pain and Discomfort: Continuous pelvic pain and pressure affects the quality of life. Bladder and Bowel Problems: Large fibroids at times press on the bladder and rectum and might cause urinary and bowel issues. The Possible Causes Of Uterine Fibroids The exact cause of uterine fibroids is unknown, but there are several factors that might contribute to their development- Hormones: Hormones such as estrogen and progesterone that regulate the menstrual cycle and promote the growth of fibroids may also cause this condition. Genetics: Genetic changes at times, play role in the development of fibroids. Growth Factors: Substances that help the body maintain the tissues also influence the growth of fibroid. Uterine fibroids is a common condition that impacts a woman’s health and life significantly. Awareness of this condition and its risk factors and symptoms will help avoid potential complications. If you experience the symptoms of uterine fibroids, seek medical advice and manage the condition effectively. Disclaimer: Please note that the information is strictly for informative purposes. It is not intended to be used in lieu of professional medical advice, inclusive of diagnosis or treatment. It is strongly advised that you seek a doctor’s medical advice on any treatment or medical condition that you learn about. Register for Free Recent Blogs FAQs
Irregular Periods and PCOS: Symptoms, Causes and Diagnosis
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents Elsa, in her mid-20s, began noticing troubling changes in her body. She started struggling with irregular periods, severe acne, sudden weight gain and an increase in facial hair. Despite healthy diet habits and regular exercise routines, the troubling changes continued. After consulting with a specialist, she found out that she was diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Like Elsa, millions of women around the globe have PCOS, in which they face troubling changes in their bodies and challenges in their lives. PCOS is a common but misunderstood hormonal disorder. In this blog, we will look into what PCOS is, its symptoms, diagnostic criteria, causes, management options, impact on fertility, and associated health risks. What is Polycystic ovary syndrome Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a problem with hormones that happens during the reproductive years. In PCOS, there is a hormonal imbalance that occurs when the ovaries (the organ that produces and releases eggs) create extra hormones. The ovaries produce unusually high levels of hormones called androgens. This causes the reproductive hormones to become imbalanced. As a result, PCOS leads to irregular menstrual cycles, missed periods and unpredictable ovulation. PCOS is one of the most common causes of infertility in women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB). It can also increase the risk of other health conditions. PCOS is a condition characterised by hormonal imbalances and metabolism problems, which can affect a woman’s overall health and appearance. According to WHO, polycystic ovary syndrome affects an estimated 8–13% of reproductive-aged women. Women with PCOS may experience a variety of symptoms, including: Irregular periods: Abnormal menstruation involves missing periods or not having a period at all. One might also have heavy bleeding during periods. Acne: PCOS can cause acne on your back, chest and face. This acne may continue past your teenage years and may be difficult to treat. Abnormal hair growth: You may grow excess facial hair or experience heavy hair growth on your arms, chest and abdomen (hirsutism). This affects up to 70% of people with PCOS. Darkening of the skin: You may get dark skin patches, especially in the folds of your neck, armpits, groin (between the legs) and under your breasts. This is known as acanthosis nigricans. Skin tags: Skin tags are little flaps of extra skin and are often found in the armpits or on the neck. Thinning hair: People with PCOS might lose patches of hair on their head or might even start to bald. Obesity: People with PCOS might have obesity and have trouble maintaining a weight that’s healthy for them. Infertility: PCOS is the most common cause of infertility in people AFAB. Not ovulating regularly or frequently can result in not being able to conceive. How is it diagnosed? The healthcare provider will: Talk about the symptoms and medical history. Will ask about the biological family’s medical history. Take weight and blood pressure. Perform a physical exam, looking specifically for excess facial hair, hair loss, acne, discoloured skin and skin tags. Perform a pelvic exam to look for other causes of abnormal bleeding and order blood tests to check hormone land glucose levels. Perform a pelvic ultrasound to look at ovaries, check the thickness of the uterine lining and look for other causes of abnormal bleeding. The Rotterdam Criteria: Diagnosing PCOS: To diagnose PCOS, healthcare professionals often use the Rotterdam criteria. According to these criteria, a diagnosis is made if a woman has at least two of the following three main symptoms: Irregular or absent ovulation: Indicated by irregular menstrual cycles or anovulation (lack of ovulation). Hyperandrogenism: Clinically or biochemically elevated levels of androgens, leading to symptoms like hirsutism, acne, or alopecia. Polycystic ovaries: Detected by ultrasound, showing 12 or more follicles in each ovary measuring 2–9 mm in diameter and increased ovarian volume (>10 ml). What is the main cause of PCOS? The exact cause of PCOS is still unknown. But there’s evidence that genetics play a huge role. Several other factors, most importantly obesity, also play a role in causing PCOS: Higher levels of male hormones called androgens: High androgen levels prevent your ovaries from releasing eggs, which causes irregular menstrual cycles. This causes acne and excess hair growth. Insulin resistance: An increase in insulin levels causes the ovaries to make and release male hormones (androgens). Increased male hormones suppress ovulation and can also contribute to other symptoms of PCOS. Low-grade inflammation: People with PCOS likely have chronic low-grade inflammation. Healthcare professionals can perform blood tests that measure levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cells, which can indicate the level of inflammation in the body. How Can PCOS Be Treated? Lifestyle changes: Healthy eating habits and diets, regular physical activities and exercise, along with maintaining a healthy weight, can help manage symptoms and improve insulin sensitivity. Medication: Medications, as prescribed by the healthcare professional, can address irregular periods, manage acne, and regulate blood sugar levels depending on individual needs. Fertility treatments: For women struggling with infertility, there are various treatments that the healthcare professional might advise. PCOS and Fertility: How a Healthcare Professional Can Help PCOS is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. The hormonal imbalances and irregular ovulation associated with PCOS make it difficult to conceive. Yet, many women with PCOS can become pregnant with the help of healthcare professionals. Treatments such as ovulation induction medications, lifestyle modifications, and, in some cases, ART i.e. assisted reproductive technology used to treat infertility, can significantly improve the chances of pregnancy. Working closely with a fertility specialist can help tailor the most appropriate treatment plan. PCOS Might Put You At Risk For Other Health Conditions. Women with PCOS are at an increased risk for several other health conditions, including: Type 2 diabetes: Due to insulin resistance. Heart disease: Elevated insulin levels can contribute to cardiovascular risk factors. Sleep apnea: Obesity, common in women with PCOS, increases the risk of sleep apnea. Endometrial cancer: Prolonged absence
Improving Efficiency, Safety and Patient Care with Cellma’s E Prescribing Functionality
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents In the emergency department, Dr. Park faces a daily challenge of manual prescriptions and ensuring no details are missed. In the middle of critical cases, Dr. Park must make sure the patient receives quick and accurate medications as a slight misreading or forgotten note or prescription can lead to serious results. One such afternoon, Dr Park attends a patient with a severe infection needs a combination of medications to avoid further complications. Traditionally, this would involve handwritten prescriptions and understanding scribbled notes, a process full of potential errors. The patient who is already in pain and is distressed, waits as Dr. Park writes down the prescription. The handwriting is barely understandable. The patient then takes the prescription and reaches the pharmacy but now, the pharmacist struggles to understand the writing. Due to the handwriting, he is not sure whether the dosage prescribed is 50 mg or 500 mg. The dosage needs to be confirmed again but Dr. Park now, is attending another critical patient. This causes further delay. In this confusion, the patient remains in pain. But with Cellma’s e-prescribing, the prescription is sent electronically to the hospital pharmacy, where it is checked for potential drug interactions and allergies. This swift process saves valuable time and enhances patient safety. What is E prescribing? E-prescribing or electronic prescribing is the process where healthcare providers enter prescription information into a computer-based system to send prescriptions to pharmacies in real time. The health care providers can enter prescription information into a computer device – a tablet, laptop, or desktop computer – and securely pass on the prescription to pharmacies using software program and connectivity to a transmission network. When a pharmacy receives a request, it can fill the medication immediately. E-prescribing is important in improving prescription accuracy, enhancing patient safety, and reducing costs. By electronically transmitting accurate prescriptions directly to pharmacies, e-prescribing simplifies the medication and dispensing process, and it benefits both the patients and the healthcare professionals. Cellma’s E-pharmacy & E-prescribing module serves electronic prescribing of pharmaceuticals from the wards or doctor’s consulting rooms, and patients can view these prescriptions via the portal or the mobile app. It enables the identification of drugs which are out of stock and those which are allowed to be prescribed. Bills can be generated for all the services via the Finance and Billing module in Cellma. Cellma’s e-prescribing supports the ability to add the reason or indication for each medication. Common indications are provided in pre-populated lists. Lack of e-prescribing leads to several challenges- As traditional prescriptions in healthcare leads to multiple challenges and affects both healthcare providers and patients e prescribing can help tackle these issues. Cellma’s e-prescribing Helps Solve Various Challenges Reduces Medication Errors and Error Check: One of the most common issues with paper prescriptions is the chance of misreading due to bad handwriting. Cellma’s e-prescribing removes this error as it provides clear, typed prescriptions. Also, Cellma has built-in checks for potential drug interactions, allergies and incorrect dosages, which helps reduce prescribing errors. Enhanced Efficiency and Workflow: In Cellma’s e-prescribing, automated refill requests and approvals simplify the process for patients and healthcare providers. Additionally, e-prescribing saves time for healthcare providers and pharmacists due to the easy prescribing process. Increased Patient Safety: In Cellma’s e-prescribing, the system automatically alerts providers to potential drug interactions and helps prevent adverse reactions. Cellma’s e-prescribing integrates with electronic patient records, and it provides an in-depth view of a patient’s medication history ensuring safe prescribing practices. Improved Prescription Accuracy: Cellma’s e-prescribing allows real-time access and ensures that prescribed medications are covered by the patient’s insurance. The use of standardised fields and formats reduces the chances of unintended changes and increases the accuracy of the information. Enhanced Patient Care: Patients usually get the medications and follow them when prescriptions are sent directly to the pharmacy, as this minimises the steps involved in obtaining their medications. Cellma’s e-prescribing sends reminders to patients about taking their medications and notifies them when refills are due. Better Data Management and Reporting: Cellma’s e-prescribing makes it easy to collect data and reports on prescribing patterns. In today’s digital healthcare era, accuracy, speed, and safety are important; hence, e-prescribing is necessary to improve healthcare delivery. Transfer of Prescription: One of the standout features of Cellma’s e-prescribing is the ability to seamlessly transfer prescriptions to other pharmacies when the initially chosen pharmacy does not have the required medication. Hence, if a prescribed medication of a patient is out of stock at the hospital pharmacy, Cellma’s e-prescribing system quickly passes the prescription to a nearby pharmacy with available stock. This capability ensures that patients receive their medications promptly without unnecessary delays or inconvenience. Benefits of Electronic Prescription E prescribing improves health care quality and patient safety by reducing medication errors. With e-prescribing, drug interactions can be checked and make health care more convenient. Additionally, e-prescribing is more convenient, low cost and safer for doctors, pharmacies and patients. In today’s digital healthcare era, accuracy, speed, and safety is important, and hence, e-prescribing is a necessary step towards improved healthcare delivery. Book a demo now with Cellma and experience the change! Book A Free Demo! Recent Blogs Let’s transform healthcare together. Speak with RioMed for a tailored solution. Get in Touch
Uncovering Irritable Bowel Syndrome, its symptoms and causes.
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents You are doing your daily activities, but suddenly, your start having an extremely bad stomach-ache. You feel an urgent need to find a restroom, and the pain is too much to bear. For many people, this scenario is a frequent reality which is due to a condition known as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine and causes various daily symptoms. In this blog, we will investigate what IBS is, types, causes and symptoms along with how IBS can be managed. What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome? Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the stomach and intestines, also called the gastrointestinal tract. IBS causes uncomfortable and painful abdominal symptoms. IBS is a chronic condition that needs to be managed for the long term. Some people with IBS can control their symptoms by managing diet, lifestyle and stress. More severe symptoms can be treated with medications and counselling. IBS does not damage the digestive tract or raise the risk of colon cancer. IBS can affect individuals of all ages, but it is mostly diagnosed in adults between the ages of 20 and 50 years old. It is more commonly diagnosed in women than in men, with a ratio of approximately 2:1. According to International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders the prevalence of IBS varies across different countries and populations, with estimates ranging from 5%-10% globally. How Do You Know You Have IBS? The Symptoms of IBS are Abdominal Pain and cramping: It is related to having a bowel movement and is the most common symptom. Excess bloating and gas: People with IBS experience a feeling of fullness and increased gas production. Constipation: People with IBS can experience difficulty in passing stool, with infrequent and hard bowel movements. Diarrhoea: People with IBS can experience frequent, watery and loose stools. Mucus in the stool: There can be the presence of white or clear mucus in the stool, and it’s also a symptom of IBS. Changes in the bowel movements frequency and a feeling of dissatisfaction after the bowel movement. What are the Causes of IBS The exact cause of IBS is yet to be determined, but several factors might play a role: Muscle Contraction in the Intestine: Walls of the intestines are lined with layers of muscles that contract as they move food through the digestive tract. Stronger contractions that last longer than usual cause diarrhoea, gas and bloating. On the other hand, weak contractions can slow food passages and lead to hard, dry stools. Gut-Brain Interaction: Poorly coordinated signals between the brain and the intestines can cause the body to overreact to changes that typically occur in the digestive process. Severe Infections: IBS can also develop after severe diarrhoea caused by bacteria or a virus. This is called gastroenteritis. IBS might also be caused by a surplus of bacteria in the intestines (bacterial overgrowth). Changes in Gut Microbes: Research indicates that the microbes in people with IBS might differ from those in people who don’t have IBS. Examples include changes in bacteria, fungi and viruses, which typically reside in the intestines and play a key role in health. Food intolerance: Sensitivities or allergies to certain foods may contribute to IBS. Childhood stress: IBS is more common in people who experienced severe stressors in childhood. Types of IBS IBS is categorised based on how stools look when symptoms flare up. Most people with IBS have normal bowel movements on some days and abnormal ones on others. The abnormal days define the kind of IBS the person may have. IBS with constipation (IBS-C): Most of the stool is hard and lumpy. IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D): Most stool is loose and watery. IBS with mixed bowel habits (IBS-M): A person might have both hard and lumpy bowel movements and loose and watery movements. The differences are important. Certain treatments only work for specific types of IBS. Managing IBS While currently, there is no cure for IBS, various techniques can be implemented to manage IBS and ease the symptoms. Meal changes: Identifying and avoiding trigger foods and following a low FODMAP diet. Increasing fibre intake (for IBS-C) can be beneficial. Stress Management: Various techniques, such as mindfulness and relaxation exercises, can help manage the emotional aspects of IBS. Regular Exercise: Physical activity can improve gut motility and reduce stress. Hydration: Drinking fluids, especially water, is crucial, mainly for those with IBS-C. Medications: The healthcare professional prescribes medications depending on the type of IBS. IBS is a common yet complex condition, and living with IBS can be challenging. But understanding the condition and how to manage it can help lead a more comfortable and fulfilling life. Understanding the nature of IBS, recognising the symptoms and knowing the causes can help individuals seek appropriate treatments and make necessary lifestyle adjustments. If you suspect you have IBS, book an appointment now on Cellmaflex and seek advice from a healthcare professional to tailor a treatment plan to your specific needs. Disclaimer: Please note that the information is strictly for informative purposes. It is not intended to be used in lieu of professional medical advice, inclusive of diagnosis or treatment. It is strongly advised that you seek a doctor’s medical advice on any treatment or medical condition that you learn about. Register for Free Recent Blogs FAQs
Sickle Cell Anaemia and How It Can Affect Your Family
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents Kate, a young girl, loves to join her friends in their endless games. But there are days when she can’t keep up, not because she doesn’t want to, but because her body doesn’t allow her. On these days, she is bedridden and battles extreme pain that seems to come out of nowhere. Kate has sickle cell anaemia, a hereditary blood disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Though it’s a well known condition, there are still many misconceptions regarding its symptoms, complications, diagnosis and how its treated and managed. Read the blog to understand the condition better. What is Sickle Cell Anaemia? Sickle Cell Anaemia is a type of inherited blood disorder known as the Sickle Cell Disease. It affects the red blood cells which are usually round and flexible, so they can move easily through blood vessels. But, in this condition, some red blood cells are shaped like sickles or crescent moons and these cells are hard and sticky. They stop the normal red blood cells from doing their job, which is to carry oxygen throughout the body. Sickled cells don’t live as long as the normal red blood cells and hence the body doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells. This causes anaemia, the condition that gives sickle cell anaemia its name. Anaemia is a lack of heathy red blood cells or haemoglobin. What causes Sickle Cell Anaemia? This condition is caused when the gene that tells the body to make haemoglobin, is changed. Haemoglobin is the iron-rich compound in red blood cells that allows the cells to carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. The haemoglobin linked with the sickle cell anaemia causes red blood cells to become hard and sticky. People with sickle cell anaemia inherit the disease from their biological parents. People who inherit the changed protein gene from both the biological parents, have the sickle cell anaemia. People who inherit the changed gene from either one of the biological parents have the sickle cell trait. The Symptoms of Sickle Cell Anaemia Symptoms of this condition show up at a young age. They appear in babies at around 6 months of age. The symptoms can differ from person to person and may also change over time. Symptoms include: Anaemia: The most common symptom, resulting from the rapid breakdown of sickle cells that leads to shortage of healthy red blood cells. Usually, healthy red blood cells live for about 120 days before they need to be replaced, but the sickle cells die in 10 to 20 days, leading to shortage of healthy red blood cells. This leads to anaemia, as without sufficient red blood cells the body can’t get enough oxygen, and this causes fatigue. Painful Crises: Periodic episodes of severe pain called painful crises. These develop when the sickle cells block the flow of blood through tiny blood vessels to the chest, joints, and abdomen. The intensity of pain varies and can last for a few hours to a few days. Some have a few painful crises a year while others may have dozen or more in a year. Swelling of hands and feet: As sickled shaped red blood cells block the blood circulation in the hands and feet, it leads to swelling. Frequent Infections: Sickle cells can damage the spleen, an organ involved in fighting infections. This raises the risks of developing infections. Delayed Growth: As the red blood cells provide the body with the oxygen and nutrients that are needed for growth, shortage of those slows down the growth in the babies and children. The sickled cells may also delay puberty in teenagers. Vision Problems: The tiny blood vessels that supply blood to the eyes can be blocked because of sickle cells. This damages the retina, and this leads to vision problems. Sickle Cell Anaemia can lead to various complications such as: Stroke: Anyone who has this condition, is at risk for stroke, including babies. Few of the signs of stroke are – extreme headache, sudden weakness and numbness in the body, trouble in speaking, walking, and seeing. Avascular Necrosis: The sickle cells block the blood vessels that supply blood to the bones, so when the bones don’t get enough blood, the joints can narrow, and bones can die. This can happen anywhere but mostly happens in the hip. Organ Damage: As sickle cells block the blood flow to organs, the organs need blood and oxygen. Due to the lack of oxygen rich blood, it damages the nerves and organs, including kidney, liver, and spleen, and can be fatal. Splenic Sequestration: Sickle cells can get trapped in the spleen, causing it to expand. This may cause abdominal pain on the left side of the body and can be fatal. Parents can learn how to locate and feel their child’s spleen for enlargement. Leg Ulcers: People with this condition may experience painful open sores on the legs. Some other complications are – acute chest syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, gallstones, detached retinas, and chronic kidney diseases. How and When is it Diagnosed? Sickle cell anaemia is usually diagnosed at the age of four to six months. The diagnosis is done through blood tests such as: Newborn Screening: Blood from a heel or finger prick is taken to check the sickle haemoglobin. Haemoglobin Electrophoresis: This test is done to detect the type of haemoglobin in the blood and is used to confirm the diagnosis. Genetic Testing: This test can spot carriers of the sickle cell trait and help diagnose the disease before birth through the amniotic fluid sampling. How is Sickle Cell Anaemia Inherited? Sickle cell disease has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. A child inherits a copy of the sickle cell gene from both the parents. This occurs when both parents are carriers of the sickle cell gene, mostly known as having the sickle cell trait. Or it can happen when 1 parent has sickle cell disease and the other is a carrier of it. Individuals with
Immunizations: Take Charge Towards a Healthy Immune System
Table of Contents Immunisations: Take Control of Your Health with a Strong Immune System Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents Register for Free It is an afternoon in a crowded schoolyard. Playful shouts are all over the place, and children are chasing each other with carefree abandon. Everyone seems to be enjoying themselves. But what if a hidden germ is about to change everything? A child who has not been vaccinated may carry the germ without even knowing it. This virus can spread to others whose immune systems are weaker and can lead to severe health conditions. Immunisation helps your body build a healthy immune system. That’s the reason why vaccines are so important! This scenario can become a reality if we don’t protect ourselves and our community with the help of immunisation. Vaccinations for children are as essential as they are for adults. Want to learn how immunisation keeps you safe? Keep reading! What is Immunisation? Immunisation is a process that helps your body defend itself against diseases. It involves receiving a vaccine which is a weakened or inactive form of a germ (such as a virus orbacteria). Vaccines teach your immune system how to address and fight off specific diseases. The primary purpose of immunisation is to help you build a healthyimmune system. How Do Vaccines Work and Help Build a Healthy Immune System? Vaccines act like a training program for your body. The vaccine may be a weakened version of the germ, a piece of it, or a small amount of something that that particulargerm makes. This triggers your immune system to spring into action. It makes proteins called antibodies that target the germ. Then, if you later encounter the real germ, your immunesystem recognises it immediately. Those antibodies fight it off, preventing you from getting sick. The Importance of Vaccines Vaccines are vital because they protect us from getting seriously sick with dangerous diseases. They keep us healthy and help us live longer lives. Plus, they also stop thespread of diseases to other people and help you keep a healthy immune system. Herd Immunity Explained Herd immunity is when a lot of people in a community become immune to a particular disease. This can occur when many people recover from the illness and developimmunity or when people get vaccinated. The best part is that herd immunity makes spreading the disease much tougher. This means that even those who weren‘t immunised themselves can still be protected! It’s like having a shield around the whole community that keeps everyone safe and sound. How Did Vaccines Save Us from COVID-19? Since late 2020, COVID-19 vaccines have been a lifesaver! These vaccines have greatly reduced deaths from the pandemic by more than half. Thanks to these vaccines,over 1.4 million people in Europe who might have gotten very sick are still alive and well. The vaccines were beneficial for people over 60, who are more at risk from thisvirus. In fact, the first round of booster shots alone saved over 700,000 lives! Different Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and When You Should Get Them Please note that these schedules can vary slightly depending on your location and individual health factors. It’s always best to consult your doctor for a personalised plan. Crucial Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Immunisation Schedules Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP): Protects against three serious bacterial infections. Schedule: 5 doses in childhood (2, 4, 6, 15-18 months, 4-6 years) Booster (Tdap) is recommended for adults at 11-12 years, then every 10 years. Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib): Prevents bacterial infections that can cause meningitis, pneumonia, and other complications. Schedule: 3-4 doses in childhood, depending on the vaccine brand. Hepatitis A: Protects against viral liver infection. Schedule: 2 doses starting at 12 months. Hepatitis B: Prevents another viral liver infection. Schedule: 3 doses starting at birth Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Protects against cancers caused by HPV, including cervical cancer. Schedule: 2 doses recommended before age 15; 3 doses if started after age 15 Influenza (Flu): Protects against the seasonal flu virus. Schedule: Annually from 6 months of age and throughout life Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR): Protects against three highly contagious viral diseases. Schedule: 2 doses in childhood (12-15 months, 4-6 years) Meningococcal: Prevents bacterial meningitis. Schedule: Dose at 11-12 years with booster at 16 years. Additional doses might be needed for high-risk individuals. Pneumococcal: Protects against bacterial infections causing pneumonia, meningitis, and more. Schedule: 4 doses in childhood, additional type recommended for adults 65+ Polio (IPV): Protects against paralytic poliovirus. Schedule: 4 doses in childhood Rotavirus: Protects against a virus leading to severe diarrhea in infants. Schedule: 2-3 doses in infancy, depending on vaccine brand a Varicella (Chickenpox): Prevents chickenpox Schedule: 2 doses in childhood Adults COVID-19: Protects against the severe complications of COVID-19 infection. Schedules and booster recommendations vary. Consult your doctor. Shingles (Zoster): Prevents shingles, a painful reactivation of the chickenpox virus. Schedule: Recommended for adults 50+ Pneumococcal: An additional vaccine type is recommended in addition to the childhood series. Tdap: A booster is recommended every 10 yearsand may be given during pregnancy. Important Considerations You can even click on this link to learn more about the Ministry of Health Immunisation Schedule. Some vaccines are given in combination for efficiency (like MMR). Specific high-risk groups might require additional or different schedules. Talk to your doctor about catch-up vaccinations if you’re an adult who missed childhood doses. Where You Can Get Your Vaccines? You’ll need to schedule an appointment at your local health center to get your vaccinations. You can register yourself on Cellmaflex to schedule an appointment.Many organisations usually have one or two days a week just for giving vaccines. Call the health center closest to you to find out their schedule. You can find a list of health centers on Cellmaflex or by clicking the link below. Some private doctors also offer vaccines. Please remember that hospitals generally only give tetanus shots, so go to your health center or doctor for other vaccinations. Don’t wait! Register today and take a first towards a healthy immune system. Disclaimer: Please note that the information is strictly for informative purposes. It is not intended to be used in lieu of professional medical advice, inclusive of diagnosis or treatment. It is strongly advised that you seek a
Albinism Insights: Types of Albinism, Causes and Symptoms.
Table of Contents Albinism Insights – Types of Albinism, Causes and Symptoms Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents Have you seen someone with notably pale skin, frosty hair, and light-coloured eyes? These features are the results of albinism – a rare genetic condition. In this blog we will look into what albinism is, its types and symptoms and how one can help or improve in managing the condition. What is Albinism? Albinism is a rare genetic disorder where the body produces little to no melanin. Melanin is a chemical that is responsible for the pigmentation (colour) of the skin, hair, and eyes. Melanin is also involved in the development and functioning of the eyes and as a result, people with albinism may have vision problems. Melanin usually protects the skin from UV damage hence, people with albinism are more sensitive to sun exposure, leading to skin cancer. Albinism can affect people of all ethnicities and races worldwide. What are The Types of Albinism There are different types of Albinism based on how they are passed down in the family and the gene that is affected. Levels of pigmentation vary depending on the type of albinism the person has. The different types of Albinism include: Oculocutaneous albinism: Oculocutaneous (pronounced “ock-you-low-kew-TAIN-ee-us) albinism or OCA is the most common type of albinism. People with OCA have very pale skin, hair, and eyes. It is further divided into several subtypes depending on the specific genes it affects (OCA1 to OCA7). Ocular Albinism: Ocular albinism or OA is less common than OCA and affects only the eyes, and the skin and hair colour are usually normal. People with OA mostly have blue eyes and sometimes due to pale irises the eyes may appear red or pink. This happens because the blood vessels inside the eyes show through the irises. Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome: Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, also known as HPS, is a rare type of albinism. It includes a form of OCA along with blood disorders, bruising issues, lung and bowel diseases. Chediak-Higashi Syndrome: Chediak-Higashi Syndrome is another form of rare albinism that includes a form of OCA along with immune system defects making individuals more prone to infections and at times neurological issues. Causes Of Albinism Albinism is an inherited condition caused by defect in one of several genes that are responsible for melanin production. Various genes give instructions for making one of several proteins that are involved in producing melanin. Melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes that are found in the skin, hair, and eyes. Albinism is caused by a change in one of these genes and different types of albinism occur based mainly on which gene change caused the disorder. The gene change might result in no melanin at all or a big decrease in the amount of melanin produced. These defects or mutations are usually inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Symptoms of Albinism The symptoms of albinism may vary depending on the type and severity, but generally include: Skin: The most obvious sign of albinism is a lighter skin, although this might not always be the case. In some people the level of melanin slowly increases over time, darkening the skin as the person ages. The individual’s skin might burn in the sun and does not tan. After the exposure to the sun people with albinism might develop freckles, moles – with or without colour which are sometimes pink due to the reduced quantity of pigment, and lentigines – that is large freckle-like spots. Hair: People with albinism may have hair colour from the range of white to brown. People with Asian or African descent may have yellow, red or brown coloured hair. As the individual ages, the hair colour may slowly darken. Eye Color: Eyelashes and eye color is often pale ranging from very light blue to brown. Due to albinism, as the irises usually do not have enough pigment, it allows the light to shine through the iris making the eyes extremely sensitive to bright light, known as photosensitivity. This also causes the iris to appear translucent and in specific light, it can appear red or pink. Vision: All type of albinism affects the vision to a certain degree. Vision problems may include- Strabismus or crossed eyes Astigmatism: An abnormal inflexibility of the front surface of the eye or lens results in blurred vision Nystagmus: The eyes move rapidly and uncontrollably back and forth Amblyopia: This is the medical name for a lazy eye. Photophobia: The eyes are particularly sensitive to light. Myopia or hypermetropia: The person may have extreme near-sightedness or farsightedness. Optic nerve misrouting: Nerve signals from the retina to the brain follow unusual nerve routes. Optic nerve hypoplasia: Visual impairment happens because an individual’s optic nerve is underdeveloped. How is Albinism Diagnosed? The most accurate way for diagnosing albinism would be through genetic testing to check the mutations related to albinism. The test will also determine which type of albinism the individual has. Ophthalmological examination is also done to examine the eyes for the signs of albinism such as nystagmus, astigmatism, etc. Physical examination can also be done to analyse skin and hair pigmentation and check other associated traits. Albinism affects an individual physically and mentally. Physically, individual with albinism will often face vision problem, skin sensitivity and other health associated conditions. This can hinder daily tasks and learning. Mentally and emotionally, albinism can lead to social stigma and isolation, as the noticeable differences may lead to discrimination and exclusion. This can affect the self-esteem of the individual contributing to anxiety and depression. Such situations demand the need of supportive and inclusive communities and environment to assist those with albinism to prosper. Manage Albinism As there are no treatments for albinism, several simple ways can be adopted to manage the condition and improve the way of living: Sun-protection: Avoiding sun exposure, wearing protective clothes and using high SPF sunscreen can help prevent skin damage. Vision aids: Contact lenses, prescribed glasses, and other visual aids can help with the eyesight. Routine checkups: Regular checkups with concerned specialists such as dermatologist and ophthalmologist can help
