HMPV: The Respiratory Virus You Should Know About
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents Human Metapneumovirus has been in the news lately because researchers and health professionals are trying to get a better understanding of this respiratory virus. Even though HMPV is not as well-known as some other respiratory infections, its impact on individuals, especially during seasonal outbreaks, cannot be ignored. From its mode of transmission to its potential to cause serious respiratory issues, this virus is one to watch. But do not worry; as we break down the key aspects of HMPV, you will be better equipped in managing and preventing it. With Cellmaflex, finding the appropriate provider for HMPV is easy for the patient. Online booking, medical record update, and direct communication with their provider are just some of the available features of our digital platform. No calling is needed; this way, one gets the right care at the right time in an easy and effective manner. In this blog, you will find everything you need to know about HMPV, from how it is spread, the symptoms and risk factors, to diagnosis, treatment, prevention strategies, and seasonal trends in outbreaks. So, let’s dive in! What is Human Metapneumovirus? Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a virus that typically causes symptoms that are similar to the common cold. It often causes upper respiratory infections, but it can sometimes cause lower respiratory infections such as pneumonia, asthma flare-ups or worsen chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). HMPV infections are more common in the winter and early spring. Human Metapneumovirus was first identified in Netherlands in 2001. According to American Lung Association, most children who get infected with HMPV are age 5 or younger. A small number of children (5-16%) infected will develop a lower respiratory tract infection such as pneumonia. According to NIH, human metapneumovirus, like most common human respiratory viruses, is associated with URI. Although the exact definition of URI differs from one study to another, HMPV is considered to cause 5 to 15% of the URI in children. Symptoms of Human Metapneumovirus Symptoms of human metapneumovirus include: Cough Fever Runny or stuffy nose Sore throat Wheezing Shortness of breath (dyspnoea). Rash In severe cases the symptoms include: Shortness of breath Wheezing Bronchitis Pneumonia Asthma Breathing problem Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Causes of Human Metapneumovirus Infection A virus that uses your cells to make more copies of itself, causes human metapneumovirus. It’s part of the same group of viruses that cause RSV, measles and mumps. How is Human Metapneumovirus Transmitted? Human metapneumovirus spreads through direct contact with someone who has it or from touching things contaminated with it. For example: Coughing and sneezing. Shaking hands, hugging or kissing. Touching surfaces or objects like phones, door handles, keyboards or toys. Risk Factors for Human Metapneumovirus Anyone can get human metapneumovirus, but you are at a higher risk for severe illness if you: Are younger than 5 (especially premature infants) or older than 65. Have a weakened immune system (from conditions like HIV, cancer or autoimmune disorders, or from medications that suppress your immune system). Have asthma or COPD. Complications of Human Metapneumovirus At times, human metapneumovirus leads to complications. They can be severe and will necessitate that you be hospitalised. They include the following: Bronchiolitis Bronchitis Pneumonia Asthma or COPD exacerbations Ear infection (otitis media) Human Metapneumovirus and its Impacts on Respiratory Health The primary impact of human metapneumovirus is on respiratory health. In most healthy individuals, the virus causes mild cold-like symptoms that resolve on their own. However, in the vulnerable populations such as the very young and elderly, it may cause more serious complications that require medical attention. The virus causes inflammation and blockage in the airways, which makes breathing difficult, especially in those with pre-existing lung conditions. How is Human Metapneumovirus Diagnosed? Healthcare providers make diagnoses based mostly on your signs and symptoms and health history. They will probably also gently take a swab sample using a soft-tipped stick inserted into your nostril or throat and have it examined in the lab for viruses or other infections. You will unlikely be tested for human metapneumovirus if you do not have severe symptoms. Sometimes, your provider will also do a bronchoscopy or chest X-rays to look for changes in the airways of your lungs. How is Human Metapneumovirus Treated? Currently, there is no antiviral drug for human metapneumovirus. The treatment is only symptomatic and supportive. It can be from rest, fluids, over-the-counter medication for fever and pain, and even hospitalization in severe cases to provide oxygen therapy or ventilatory support. Early intervention is the way to go to manage the infection, especially among at-risk populations. Prevention and Vaccines Basic preventive measures include hand washing frequently, avoidance of close contact with infected individuals, and proper disinfection of surfaces that are touched frequently. For now, there is no vaccine for HMPV, but the ongoing research may produce a future vaccine. For now, good hygiene and enhancement of the immune system are the best ways to prevent infection. Do’s and Don’ts in Human Metapneumovirus Dos: Use a mask to cover both your mouth and nose when required. Wash your hands with soap and water, or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, several times a day. Avoid touching people who are coughing or sneezing or have fever. Avoid places with large groups of people. Keep healthy by consuming healthy food and drink plenty of water. Avoid socialising unnecessarily. Consult the doctor if you experience persistent symptoms. Encourage parents to avoid sending their sick children to school, as it can elevate the risk of illness among the vulnerable population. Seek medical consultation if you realize early symptoms in children. Try to stay isolated at home if you experience persistent symptoms. Don’t: Avoid shaking hands and intimate touch. Do not reuse tissue papers or handkerchiefs. Avoid touching or coming close to infected persons. Avoid touching those surfaces frequently contacted like floors, walls, and door handles. Self-medication must be avoided. Do not share food in public places. Do not touch your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands. Avoid using public transportation when you feel
Health Awareness Begins Here: The Importance of Vaccination Explained
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents Vaccination is one of the greatest public health successes of all time. Millions of lives have been saved, innumerable diseases prevented, and a sound foundation laid for healthier lives across the globe. While the evidence regarding its safety and effectiveness is strong, misconceptions and myths about vaccines are still prevalent. The World Health Organisation declared vaccine hesitancy as one of the top 10 global health threats in 2024, indicating that proper communication and public trust is necessary. As we deal with new and emerging health challenges, the importance of vaccination has never been so crucial. Cellmaflex helps you find the right healthcare providers for your vaccination needs. Whether it be a routine immunisation, travel vaccines, or prevention of some chronic diseases, Cellmaflex connects you with the most appropriate healthcare providers. Cellmaflex is an easy-to-use digital platform for searching for the required healthcare provider, scheduling appointments, updating the patient’s medical records, and facilitating smooth communication between the patient and provider. Whatever your vaccination needs may be, Cellmaflex brings you into the hands of the most capable. This blog discusses the importance of vaccines, addressing some myths, their role in protecting vulnerable groups, reduction of healthcare costs, and future innovations in immunisation. Dive in! The Importance of Vaccination in Preventing Diseases Vaccination is one of the most effective and affordable ways to prevent disease. Introducing a small amount of the pathogen, weakened or inactivated form, trains the immune system to recognise and mobilise against future encounters with the disease. Diseases such as smallpox, once epidemics, are now eradicated, while polio is soon to be eliminated in the rest of the world. Vaccines are proven to save lives and to protect public health on a more extensive scale. Widespread use of vaccines contributes to herd immunity, wherein individuals who can’t be vaccinated due to some medical reasons or age are less likely to get exposed to the disease. Even though herd immunity significantly reduces infections, it cannot guarantee that they will never get exposed. They may then later be exposed to the disease, but because they have grown up surrounded by people who were vaccinated, thus passively protected through the antibodies they developed because of vaccination. This therefore shows the importance of vaccination to individual and community health. According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, between 2021 and 2030, immunisation can prevent more than 50 million deaths. Besides, by 2030, it is estimated that measles vaccination can save nearly 19 million lives and hepatitis B vaccination can save 14 million lives. As stated by WHO, in its April 2024 report, global immunisation efforts have saved an estimated 154 million lives over the past 50 years, which translates to saving 6 lives every minute, every year. Debunking Popular Misconceptions about Vaccines Despite the numerous evidence of safety and efficiency, vaccines are surrounded by a myriad of myths that unnecessarily scare people. Some claims include vaccines causing someone to be autistic, contain toxins that could be dangerous, or overwork the immune system. In reality, vaccines are tested rigorously and proven to be safe, offering vital protection against serious diseases without the risks of natural infections. It also offers immunity to the susceptible population through herd immunity. This is the time to segregate the truth and the false and to intelligently decide about health and others’ health as well around us, thus strengthening the principles of vaccination within each community. How Vaccines Defend Vulnerable Groups Not everyone can be vaccinated. For example, there are people with compromised immune systems who cannot receive some vaccines. In this case, herd immunity – the fact that a considerable proportion of the population is immunised – serves as a protection for the vulnerable individuals indirectly. Vaccination is not only a matter of personal health but also of collective responsibility in protecting the most vulnerable individuals. This makes the importance of vaccination even more critical because it goes beyond individual health and extends to the protection of others. The Global Impact of Vaccination on Public Health Vaccination efforts have significantly impacted global public health. Diseases that once claimed millions of lives annually, including measles, polio, and tuberculosis, have been greatly reduced. In addition to reducing mortality, vaccines prevent the spread of diseases, thereby cutting down on the total burden on healthcare systems. One of the most spectacular examples of vaccines being able to change history for the better has been in the global eradication of smallpox in 1980. International health organisations such as WHO keep supporting vaccination programs across the world, looking toward a time when every human, regardless of location or social standing, is able to have a vaccine. The importance of vaccination is reflected in the fact that millions of lives continue to be saved globally. Vaccines and Chronic Disease Prevention Vaccination does more than prevent infections but has been proven significant in the fight against chronic conditions. A good example of this is the human papilloma virus whereby vaccines reduce its causation factors within the cervical tissues. The HB vaccine prevents acute liver disease, also liver cell carcinoma. Many diseases that otherwise may leave the individual dependent on medicine for decades could be more economically prevented with vaccines. According to WHO’s July 2024 report, the global coverage of the first dose of HPV vaccine in girls increased by 20% in 2022 to 27% in 2023. This contributed to the prevention of HPV-related cancers. Why Early Vaccination of Children Matters for Health Critical periods for children’s health are during the first years of life since their immune systems are still under development. Thus, the child must receive vaccinations at this period to protect them against diseases that are easily preventable, especially when their immune system is at its most vulnerable. These include MMR, whooping cough, and polio, which are among the vaccines for protecting children in early childhood, when they are at their most vulnerable. This schedule of vaccination would protect children very early in their lives before these diseases have an opportunity to afflict them. Secondly, timely immunisation prevents epidemics within schools and communities as vaccination is paramount in childhood development and disease
Why Your MDT Needs Cellma, A Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Team Management Solution
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents Multidisciplinary teams, or MDTs, are one of the important pillars in healthcare. Experts from different fields are brought together to address complex medical challenges with precision and collaboration so that nothing is left out when treating a patient. Improving outcomes, reducing errors, and streamlining care have become critical importance in today’s healthcare. However, MDTs are now facing increasing issues of resource constraints, communication failures, and administrative inefficiencies. Cellma, a multidisciplinary team management solution innovates your way to improved and optimised MDT operations. Cellma is a revolutionary product designed to arm healthcare teams with coordination tools that result in seamless workflow and patient-centric care. Why MDTs are Indispensable in Healthcare A multidisciplinary team consists of professionals from different disciplines, for example, radiologists, oncologists, nurses, dietitians, social workers, and so on. It brings together professionals to create an integrated care plan. MDTs are important because: Holistic care in terms of medical, psychological, and social needs. Improve diagnosis accuracy and ensure evidence-based treatment plans. Resource use should be optimised by streamlining care pathways and eliminating redundancy. MDTs play very crucial roles in chronic diseases that include cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Challenges Faced by MDTs Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) face several challenges, including logistical issues like administrative delays affecting 30% of oncology cases, resource constraints where 87% of cases require additional investigations, and 65% lack sufficient pathology data. Additionally, uneven participation and communication difficulties hinder effective decision-making. Equipment problems also affect 5% of cases, and tensions around resource allocation can further strain MDT functionality, making it harder to implement multidisciplinary approaches effectively. Despite the importance and significance of MDT, they often struggle with: Communication: Sometimes the team members will fail to communicate effectively or adequately, thus missing one or two appointments or offering incomplete care plans. Administrative Burdens Coordinating meetings, sharing data, and tracking patient progress are very laborious in a manual process. A 2023 survey of around 200 NHS and social care managers across the UK found that 20% spent seven to eight hours a day on administrative duties. Resource Strain: Demand for specialised care tends to outstrip MDTs’ capacity, especially in resource-constrained settings. Absence of unified structure: Most MDTs lack unified systems, hence making it hard to access real-time patient data or track care outcomes. Why Advanced Solution Like Cellma is Important to MDTs Modern healthcare requirements go beyond simple expertise and involve technologies that fill in the gaps between communications, increase data accessibility, and provide real-time collaboration. Current systems fail to meet dynamic needs in multidisciplinary teams. In turn, the delivery and speed of care for the patient suffer. Solutions such as Cellma, a multidisciplinary team management solution and its MDT module helps centralise information that is necessary in care planning and reduces administrative burdens in this respect. It empowers teams to focus on what actually matters: delivering excellent care to every patient. Cellma’s MDT module has been designed with the issues faced by the MDT department in mind to provide an all-inclusive solution for managing multidisciplinary teams. Here’s how: Studies show that multidisciplinary team (MDT) involvement improves patient survival rates by 15-20%, with a 30% improvement in patient outcomes, particularly in complex conditions like cancer and chronic diseases. By enhancing collaboration and reducing administrative burdens, solutions like Cellma can improve healthcare efficiency, cutting down errors by 25%, boosting patient engagement by 17%, and optimising resource use by 10-15%, ultimately leading to better patient care and safety. For more information on how Cellma can enhance your MDT’s workflow Integrated Care Planning This directly allows sharing of patient information like imaging, test results, and treatment history among team members from a central EHR system. Ensures the real-time collaboration where everyone on the team can view the same data at the same time, irrespective of the location. Better Communication and Coordination Cellma eliminates the scheduling and documenting of meetings, providing all logged team activities ready to access. A key worker acts as the main contact point for coordination of departments and specialties. Tailorable and Scalable It is tailored towards the specific needs of each MDT, whether that is on cancer care, radiology, or community-based services. Scalable to teams of various sizes and specialties, making it ideal for hospitals, clinics, and community healthcare. Optimised Patient Safety and Results Less possibilities of errors through one point of access- data and decision-making. It ensures timely follow-ups and all rounded care plans for patients. Resource Effectiveness Reduces administrative workloads so that health care professionals can concentrate on patient care. Helps optimise resource use, which decreases the waiting time for diagnosis and treatment. Building a Future of Collaborative Healthcare with Cellma With the advanced power of technology, Cellma and its MDT module is transforming the face of healthcare by allowing multidisciplinary teams to deliver the best care possible. Cellma deals with chronic diseases that have complicated treatment at each stage, down to the radiological diagnostics so that the health care provider does not work hard but rather works smarter. Challenges in multidisciplinary teams are undeniable, but it is solutions like Cellma, a multidisciplinary team management solution with its MDT module that give hope for the future. Cellma helps to drive collaboration, workflow efficiency and improve patient outcomes so that nobody slips through the cracks. Ready to transform your MDT’s efficiency and effectiveness? Book a Free Demo today and experience the revolutionary power of Cellma. Book A Free Demo! Recent Blogs Let’s transform healthcare together. Speak with RioMed for a tailored solution. 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Healthy Habits for the New Year: Mastering Nutrition and Exercise
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents The start of a new year is the best time to make resolutions and fresh goals, but also to put emphasis on personal well-being. Since we entered the year 2025, most of us have looked for better habits that will last longer than January. This includes understanding nutrition and exercise’s involvement in the prevention of chronic diseases as one of the significant factors of achieving long-term health. The prevalence of chronic conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases is on the rise globally, but in the Caribbean, it is a growing concern. The good news is that easy lifestyle changes can work wonders in avoiding these diseases, and a digital platform like Cellmaflex stands here to aid in streamlining access to health services and make the patient’s experience better. Read the blog to explore the link between chronic diseases and lifestyle habits. Discover how good nutrition, exercise, and adequate hydration can serve to improve health. Common Caribbean Diseases: Addressing Lifestyle Challenges Chronic conditions like obesity, high blood pressure, and other lifestyle-related health challenges are increasing across the Caribbean. According to the National Institutes of Health, hypertension affects approximately 16.6% to 30.2% of the Caribbean population, while diabetes impacts 7.2% to 19.5%. A significant contributing factor to these alarming statistics is the lack of proper nutrition and regular exercise. High consumption of processed and sugary foods, coupled with sedentary lifestyles, has fuelled these alarming trends. However, there’s hope. By adopting healthier habits – balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and adequate hydration – Caribbean communities can mitigate these risks and take control of their well-being. Small, sustainable changes in diet and exercise routines can go a long way in promoting a healthier lifestyle. How Processed Foods Affect Health: An Examination of the Caribbean Diet The Caribbean diet is rich in flavours and culture, but more often than not, it contains processed foods that are not very helpful for long-term benefits. It has been noticed that alarming rates of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease in this region correlate strongly with increased consumption of high-added sugars, sodium, and trans fats. People opt for such a poor diet because fast food and packaged meals are convenient. Though processed foods are tempting, the outcome in the long run proves disastrous for health. More mindful choices should be made to counter this. A whole, nutrient-filled diet is a very good way to minimise the risks of chronic diseases. This includes reducing sugary snacks, choosing fresh fruits and vegetables, and using whole grains in place of refined grains. The Power of Local Nutrition: Fruits and Provisions for Better Health Among the big virtues of residing in the Caribbean is a good supply of local fruits and provisions. Such natural foods not only taste sweet (although while consuming, moderation is needed) but are full of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that nourish the whole body. Take mangoes, papayas, bananas, and avocados for instance: they are loaded with vitamins A, C, and E that enhance the strength of the immune system. Provisions such as sweet potatoes, yams, and cassava provide complex carbohydrates that give long-lasting energy while regulating the blood sugar. By including more of the fresh, local foods in the daily meals, people can improve their diet and reap better health without the need for processed alternatives. Fitness Beyond the Gym: Fun and Effective Activities in Trinidad and Tobago What often comes to mind when thinking of fitness is a gym with weights and machines, but there is so much more to fitness than that. A lot of outdoor activities found in Trinidad and Tobago make it possible to become fit outdoors. Engage in a fun workout by getting your heart to dance with the beats in a soca fitness class, or train on the beach while enjoying fresh air and lovely scenery. Another good way of keeping fit and healthy is by hiking through the lush hills of Tobago or by walking around the local parks in Port of Spain. It need not always be a chore; it could be enjoyable and social to keep you motivated. Simple Home Workouts: Staying Active with Limited Resources Not everyone has access to the gym, but this does not necessarily mean you can’t stay fit. With a bit of creativity, you can design a very simple workout routine using minimal equipment. Bodyweight exercises such as squats, push-ups, and lunges can be performed anywhere and with no special equipment. If you want to mix it up, try yoga or pilates at home with the right knowledge of them. Even with limited resources, one can be active and that is a crucial step in the prevention of chronic diseases. Balancing Nutrition and Exercise: How to Build a Sustainable Lifestyle A balanced lifestyle of nutrition and exercise is what would ensure health for a lifetime. Healthy diet services your exercises, while a consistent exercise program maintains a fit body, improves metabolic rate, and improves health in general. The key is to balance. One does not have to go extreme with diets and gruelling exercise routines. Gradual, minor changes are far better. Make the switch to fresh, whole meals instead of processed foods, and add enjoyable physical activities to your daily routine. Whether it is a brisk walk after dinner or a workout session, every little bit counts. With the right tools and mindset, sustainability can be attained in lifestyle. The Role of Hydration: How Water and Natural Drinks Support Fitness and Health Hydration stands as the most important role in fitness and health. Dehydration causes fatigue, cramping of the muscle, and difficulty in physical activities. Drinking plenty of water is vital, but local drinks such as coconut water and herbal teas also give hydration along with additional health benefits. Coconut water is one of the richest sources of electrolytes, especially potassium, (which should be taken in moderation) that maintains fluid balance and ensures proper functioning of the muscles. Fresh fruit juices that have no added sugars can
The Secret Weapon for A&E Efficiency? Cellma, an Advanced Electronic Health Records Software
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents Do you know that, according to the reports from NHS Digital, 26.3 million people visited the A&E departments in the UK in the year 2023-24? And that, 2.1% of the patients waited four hours for the treatment in the year 2023-24? Such statistics and figures look worrisome against the increasingly heavy burden on the A&E departments from crowding, staffing shortage, and antiquated systems at all fronts, pushing the A&E teams to their extreme limits. A&E departments are the heart of emergency care, dealing with everything from minor injuries to life-threatening conditions. But with a sharp increase in patient numbers and resources strained and fragmented, pressure on the department keeps rising. Advanced electronic health records software that supports the fast-paced, critical A&E environment is not an option but a necessity for improving care, optimising workflows, and reducing pressure on staff. This is where our advanced electronic health records software, Cellma, and its module for A&E comes in. Our electronic health records software, Cellma, offers an all-inclusive approach towards optimisation of workflow and efficiency along with outcomes for the patient. UK A&E Crisis in Numbers On average, 45,500 people visit the major hospitals’ A&E departments of England every day, according to a UK parliament report in October 2024. A further 27,000 people on average attend minor A&E facilities like walk-in-centres and minor injuries units each day. The overcrowding and understaffing result in lengthy wait times, which become increasingly challenging for staff and patients. Challenges that Affect the A&E Departments There are many critical issues faced by the A&E department such as: Waiting time: The patients coming to the A&E department in the UK have increased. Therefore, it results in an increase in the waiting time. According to the report of the NHS Digital Report 2023-24, 72.1 percent of the patients waited for more than 4 hours to receive treatment. Data Fragmentation: All the patients’ records, lab test reports, diagnostic images and everything else are kept on the different systems used by A&E teams. This might be the very point at which critical patient information is either unavailable or, worse still, non-existent. Staffing shortages: The A&E department is always under-serviced. This creates more pressure on staff who face burnout coupled with a high turnover rate. Therefore, this shortage affects quality care delivery, as services might take a longer time while health practitioners experience more stressful situations. Resource Management: Managing beds, diagnostic equipment, or even managing staff during a full shift is a huge role. Inability to do so, due to scarce resources by the department results in longer hours and waiting times for further treatment. Documentation Overload: Manual record-keeping consumes much time that could be spent on direct patient care. Clinicians spend nearly half of their time on administrative tasks rather than on treatment. How Cellma and its A&E Module Helps Cellma is a game-changer in the fast world of A&E, where the decision has to be taken in seconds. Cellma is an advanced electronic health records software that offers the capabilities for improving healthcare services. The A&E module of Cellma, an electronic health records software, is specifically crafted to target the specific demands of accident and emergency services, so that it enhances the facilities in being accurate, more efficient, and patient oriented. The A&E module addresses the issues of the department, providing an inclusive platform that is designed to optimise efficiency, improve patient flow, and reduce administrative burdens for the healthcare and the A&E staff. Here’s how: Live Patient Flow: Cellma’s A&E module updates patients’ statuses in real time, from the time of triage to their discharge. The health care team will, therefore, always know the whereabouts of their patients and focus on those who most urgently require their care. This results in better patient outcomes from real-time monitoring of patients. Integrated EHR: All patient data is accumulated into an easily accessible digital storage, so clinicians can have a full medical history, lab results, and imaging reports of the patients, at their fingertips. This reduces human errors and improves quality of patient care alongside assisting the health care teams to make informed decisions as real-time access is achieved to important information. Streamlined Triage Management: Triage is the core of effective emergency care. Cellma’s A&E module does exactly this by applying certain assessment, real-time triage instruments, and automated patient handover. This focuses on priority patients based on their needs and ensures smooth handover between teams. The doctors can then focus on doing what they do best-saving people’s lives-because their decisions are faster and well-informed. Resource Optimisation with Predictive Analytics: The A&E module of Cellma uses predictive analytics in the management of resources from bed availability to the level of staffing. As it predicts demand, the module ensures that A&E departments can make resource allocation on the right places where needed the most, thus helping to reduce bottlenecks and improve patient flow. Customisable Dashboards: A&E module’s customisable dashboards allow healthcare providers to immediately get an overview for departmental performance in terms of wait times, bed occupancy, and availability of staff. This ensures A&E administrators are always making data-driven decisions. Advanced Communication: Cellma’s A&E module makes it possible for the teams to communicate effectively and securely through messaging and automated alerts. All team members are on the same page, and nothing falls through the cracks. This means better communication, quicker responses, better care, and improved outcomes for patients. MDT Collaboration: Many emergencies call for multi-disciplinary input, and Cellma’s MDT module gives teams the ease to work collaboratively together. Shared updates, managing referrals, and coordinating care in Cellma create a seamless experience from admission to A&E to long-term treatment planning. It, therefore, reduces delay and promotes better patient results. Patient engagement through the Cellma’s patient portal Transparency and communication build trust with the patient and their family. Cellma patient portal helps individuals to gain access to their medical records and treatment regarding referrals and communicate with the healthcare team directly. Thus, it not only informs the patients but also engages them to be in a participative role in their caregiving journey. Whether you want to speed up appointment schedules, improve resource management, or streamline patient tracking, Cellma, an electronic health records
Itchy, Uncomfortable, and Confused? Here’s What You Need to Know About Vaginal Yeast Infections
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents Kinsley had become increasingly uncomfortable – itching, irritation, and the unpleasant discharge had made her quite anxious and embarrassed. She could barely speak about her condition with anyone. One evening, while searching the web for relief from growing discomfort, Kinsley found Cellmaflex, a digital health platform. Cellmaflex enabled her to get a nearby trusted gynaecologist, check patient reviews and make an appointment all while avoiding anxiety of having to make a call. The gynaecologist diagnosed Kinsley with a vaginal yeast infection. Now with clear-cut treatment plan and practical preventive tips, Kinsley felt capable of taking charge of her health. If you have ever faced an uncomfortable, unfamiliar sensation and felt unsure about the cause, you are not alone. This blog is here to guide you through everything you need to know about vaginal yeast infection – what it is, how to recognize the signs, effective treatments, and simple prevention strategies. By the end, you will feel empowered to address these concerns confidently and take charge of your health. What is Vaginal Yeast Infection A vaginal yeast infection, also known as vulvovaginal candidiasis or vaginal candidiasis, is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of a specific type of yeast called Candida. Candida is a natural part of your body, typically residing in areas like the mouth, digestive tract, and vagina, but it usually coexists peacefully with “good” bacteria that regulate its growth. However, when this balance is disrupted, Candida can multiply rapidly, leading to an infection. Vaginal yeast infections are characterized by burning, itching, redness around the vulva (the external part of the vagina), and noticeable changes in vaginal discharge. Though often mistaken for STIs, yeast infections are not STIs. They are, however, a common form of vaginitis, which is a condition marked by inflammation, pain, and possible infection in the vagina. There are several types of vaginitis, but yeast infections are among the most common. The maintenance of a healthy balance of bacteria in the body is important to keep Candida under control. Any form of disruption in balance caused by multiple factors. Management and prevention of vaginal yeast infections require an understanding of such triggers. According to National Center for Biotechnology Information’s February 2024 report, about 70% of women report having or had vaginal yeast infection in their lifetime, and an estimated 8% of women suffer recurrent infection. What Increases The Risk Of Getting a Yeast Infection Several factors elevate your predisposition to a yeast infection in your vagina. These include: You are undergoing antibiotic treatment with birth control pills or steroids Pregnancy or the post-partum A weakened immunologic defence, such as those health conditions that compromise this defence in your body. This compromises your ability to fight-off infections. Hyperglycemia or in other terms, high blood sugar. Elevated blood sugars can often foster the risk of getting affected by this infection. Lifestyle habits can also contribute to your risk, such as: Prolonged Dampness: Sitting in a wet bathing suit for too long. Sweaty Clothing: Not getting out of soggy or sweaty clothes promptly. Irritants: The use of perfumed tampons or vaginal deodorants. These may interrupt the normal flora of bacteria in the vagina. Knowing about these risk factors may assist in preventing infections. Symptoms of a Vaginal Yeast Infection A vaginal yeast infection usually presents with specific symptoms, which can include: Itching or burning: A constant feeling in the vagina and vulva.Thick, white discharge: It has a consistency of cottage cheese.Redness and swelling: The vagina and vulva are inflamed.Skin irritation: There are minute cuts or cracks in the vulvar skin because of fragility.Painful urination: Burning while urinating.Discomfort during sex: Some may experience this. These symptoms can have similarities with other sexually transmitted infections, such as STIs, and other conditions of the vagina. To establish a proper diagnosis or receive the right treatment when experiencing any of these signs, a healthcare provider is required. Why Do People Get Vaginal Yeast Infections When the balance of bacteria in your vagina is disrupted, it facilitates excessive growth of Candida yeast. The most common ways to develop this imbalance: Antibiotics: They not only target bad bacteria but also reduce the good bacteria in your vagina, creating an inbalance that would allow yeast to grow.Hormonal changes: Changes from pregnancy, oral contraceptives, or even menstrual cycles can create an imbalance in Candida.Poorly controlled diabetes: Increased sugar levels in the blood will cause changes in bacteria in the body, including urinary tract.Weakened immune system: Conditions such as HIV/AIDS or treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation can weaken the immune function, which makes it difficult for the body to regulate yeast growth. Understanding these causes can help in managing and preventing future infections. How Do Yeast Infections Compare with Other Vaginal Infections Not all vaginal infections are yeast infections. Common distinctions include: Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Typically presents with a thin, greyish discharge that has a strong “fishy” smell.Trichomoniasis: A sexually transmitted infection that may present with frothy yellow-green discharge and a foul odour. Accurate diagnosis by a healthcare provider will ensure proper treatment and avoid unnecessary complications. How is a Yeast Infection Diagnosed Your healthcare provider diagnoses a vaginal yeast infection. You’ll need to go in for an appointment and discuss your symptoms. Your provider may need to take a sample of discharge from your vagina to confirm a yeast infection. The combination of your symptoms and the discharge sample will tell your healthcare provider what type of infection you have and how to treat it. Treatments for Vaginal Yeast Infections: Over-the-Counter vs. Prescription Options Over the Counter (OTC) treatments: Antifungal creams or suppositories. Good for mild to moderate infections and are available almost everywhere. Prescription treatments: Oral antifungal drugs. Recommended for severe or recurrent infections. Your doctor may suggest an extended treatment course or multi-drug therapy in case you frequently experience infections. How do I decrease my chance of getting a yeast infection? You can often prevent vaginal yeast infections by making a few lifestyle changes. These changes can include: Not
Boost Efficiency in General Surgery with Cellma, An Advanced General Surgery EHR Software
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents The general surgery department is the heart of healthcare, covering a wide range of procedures, from simple appendectomies to very complex abdominal surgeries. Its role is paramount in saving lives and making better outcomes for patients. However, the complexity of operations in general surgery and patient management requires efficient systems to ensure proper care. Advanced general surgery EHR software like Cellma can reform and improve the functioning of the general surgery department. Cellma helps to streamline surgical workflows, eliminate concerns in ward & bed management, and enhance a workable care system. Cellma empowers surgeons, nurses, and administrative staff to navigate the complexities of modern healthcare with ease and precision. Challenges Faced by the General Surgery Department General surgery provides essential support for various medical needs, including a wide range of elective procedures. This wide scope significantly contributes to the rising demand and workload faced by general surgeons. NHS England’s 2023-24 hospital outpatient activity report reveals that the general surgery department handled over 4.9 million outpatient attendances. This increasing influx of patients adds to the mounting pressure on the department. Furthermore, this ever-increasing demand brings various challenges within surgical workflows as mentioned in the UK Surgical Workforce Census Report 2023 England. The report contains valuable insights by consultants, specialists, associate specialists and speciality (SAS). The report states that: 56% of the HCPs have major issues with theatre access and allocation. Due to their existing system, 47% of HCPs face challenges in balancing clinical responsibilities and managerial duties, which disrupts their ability to deliver work effectively. How Does Cellma Help General Surgery Department? Cellma is the top-of-the-line, fully customisable general surgery EHR software, made to meet unique healthcare needs. Built to tackle workflow challenges and operational stress, Cellma is developed to adapt to the evolving demands of a general surgery department. Cellma provides over 30 modules designed to enhance the outcomes and efficiency of your department. Here’s how integrating Cellma, the robust general surgery EHR software can streamline the general surgery department: Theatre Module: This module helps the surgical team to effectively manage the surgical pathway from emergency, trauma, and elective operations to post-operative follow-ups and care. The module allows the allocation of the theatre for scheduled surgery along with all the necessary details like durations, type, surgeon, date/time of the operation, resources, or special surgical tools required for the operation. A&E Module: Cellma, the general surgery EHR software has a dedicated accident and emergency (A&E) module that ensures appropriate support for emergency care. It provides real-time entries on patient arrival, and triage levels, as well as immediate access to the patient file, thus helping surgeons respond fast and effectively. This module further monitors patient flow in the A&E to avoid bottlenecks and enhance the quality of care. Electronic Patient Record (EPR) Module: The EPR module is the core module of Cellma that centralises patient information for easy access to medical records, test reports, surgical treatment plans, and operational documents needed for effective patient care. The EPR module allows healthcare professionals to readily access surgical data and a medical history without extensive use of paper, which then minimises the risk by human error. Patient Administration and Scheduling (PAS) Module: Cellma, the general surgery EHR software has the comprehensive patient administration and scheduling (PAS) module. The module manages all the processes related to registration, admission, discharge and transfer (RADT) transactions. PAS’s in-built appointment scheduling feature simplifies appointment booking and follow-ups by properly aligning with the surgeon’s work schedule. This module helps reduce waiting periods and patient inconvenience. E-Referral and MDT module: Complex surgeries often involve referral and collaboration with specialists from other fields of medicine, like breast surgeons, vascular surgeons, or others according to the case. Cellma, the general surgery EHR software includes an efficient e-referral module that helps in simplifying the whole process. Through the module, health professionals can send direct referrals to other specialists along with real-time access to all surgical details, and diagnostic reports. Furthermore, the MDT module in Cellma allows the team to access and review as well as amend surgical information together, ensuring high-quality care and better patient outcomes. Wards and Bed Management Module: This module manages the pre-operative and post-operative patients’ ward and bed management. It tracks available beds in real-time, assigns patients to the right wards, and maximises resource utilisation. Surgeons and administrative employees can plan admissions and discharges more efficiently, reduce waiting times for patients, and smooth workflow. Imaging Module: The imaging module is important for diagnosing and tracking issues, either abdominal pain due to gall bladder stone, appendicitis or any other health concerns. Cellma, the general surgery EHR software, stores all the patient imagining records (CT scan, ultrasound, MRI, etc.) in one place. Surgeons can analyse and compare imaging results in real time either in preoperative planning or intraoperative discussion. With Cellma’s annotation tool functionality, surgeons can mark the anatomical area of a procedure enhancing surgical decision-making and diagnostic precisions. Lab Module: Most patients with surgical planning require lab tests for the appropriate surgical measures. Cellma’s lab module incorporates the direct results of the laboratory in the EPR to let providers view real-time diagnostic test results. Utilising automatic workflows, test results are noted on the patient records right away as they are generated. This minimises delays and prevents human errors. E- Pharmacy Module Cellma’s e-pharmacy module supports outpatient services including ordering, filling, dispensing, to administration components. It allows healthcare providers to electronically process prescriptions. Providers can select medications and supplements, adjust dosages, and provide specific instructions as per surgeons, all of which are shared directly with the pharmacy. Empowering Patients with Cellma’s Patient Portal The patient portal of Cellma enhances patient engagement by encouraging active participation in their healthcare journey. It enables them to schedule their appointment, refer to their test reports, and fill out the pre-visit questionnaire related to surgery, past medical history or any details needed to be shared before the appointment. The portal sends alerts to patients, which improves commitment to appointments and communication with hospital staff. This ensures better health outcomes and stronger patient engagement. Cellma is an integrated general surgery EHR software, that covers every surgical care aspect: appointment, pre/post-assessment, follow-up care, and
Your Essential Guide to HSV-2: Herpes Symptoms, Causes, and Prevention
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents Late one evening, Alicia noticed that there was some unusual discomfort and small sores in her genital area. She was worried but did not feel like making a phone call, so she went to Cellmaflex, a digital health platform. She was able to find a specialist near her, read their reviews, and book an online appointment with just a few taps on her phone. Alicia was diagnosed with genital herpes caused by HSV-2 during her consultation. Thanks to the doctor’s guidance and the very smooth experience of Cellmaflex, she received all the support and treatment that she needed to manage her condition effectively. If you have ever wondered about genital herpes, how to recognise its symptoms, and how to live a healthy life after diagnosis, then this blog is for you. We are going to explore everything you need to know about HSV-2, including, genital herpes symptoms, causes, treatments, and prevention tips, so you can take charge of your health with confidence. How Common is Herpes? Global prevalence of genital herpes caused by HSV-2 is reported to affect about 519.5 million people, or 13.3% of those aged 15–49 years. Women are infected by HSV–2 almost twice as often as men, mainly because of the better efficiency of sexual transmission from men to women. What is HSV-2? HSV-2 (Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2) is a viral infection most commonly spread through sexual activity. It causes genital herpes, which manifests as outbreaks of sores and ulcers in the genital area that can recur. Unlike HSV-1, which usually causes oral cold sores, HSV-2 usually strikes the genital and rectal areas. This virus lies dormant in your body between outbreaks but is activated periodically to cause a recurrence of herpes symptoms. Age, Gender, and Lifestyle Factors Contributing to HSV-2 Transmission HSV-2 can infect anyone, but some factors predispose individuals to infection such as: Age: Young adults, especially between the late teens and early 20s, are more likely to be infected because of higher sexual activity. Gender: Women are more prone to getting infected with HSV-2 because the tissue in their genital area is thinner and more delicate. Lifestyle Choices: Having multiple sex partners, unprotected intercourse, and unawareness of STI may result in a considerably increased risk to acquire HSV-2 Common Causes and Risk Factors of HSV-2 HSV2 is transmitted directly from virus contact during sexual activities involving vagina or anus or even oral and other forms. Main risk factors are: No protection such as condoms in sexual life increases the chance of acquiring it. More than two sexual partners. Compromised Immune System. HIV/AIDS, or medications causing weakening of the body’s immune system, make people more prone. Symptoms of HSV-2 Genital herpes symptoms, though variable from one person to another, may include in common terms: Painful blisters or sores which often appear in the genital or anal areas: These are small liquid-filled blisters that rupture soon to become open sores which can take days to recover. They are painful which makes sitting or movement in any direction unbearable. Itching or Burning Sensations: Most people feel a tingling, itching, or burning sensation in the affected area before the sores appear. This is called the prodromal stage and often presents as an early warning sign of an impending outbreak. Flu-Like Symptoms: During the first infection, flu-like systemic symptoms may be accompanied by mild fever, fatigue, swollen groin lymph nodes, and muscle or body aches. These all are indicative of the body’s immune response against the virus. Painful Urination: When sores form near the urethra, urination can become painful, accompanied by a burning sensation. This discomfort is due to urine passing over open sores, which can irritate the already inflamed tissue. It is worth noting that many individuals infected with HSV-2 do not experience the herpes symptoms, so one can easily pass the virus on to others without knowing. Triggers of HSV-2 Outbreaks Some things can reactivate latent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2, resulting in an outbreak. Triggers differ for everyone, but common ones include: Diet: Eating foods high in arginine (nuts, seeds, and chocolate) may promote viral replication. For some people, these foods act as dietary triggers, making an outbreak more likely. This is balanced by consuming lysine-rich foods, such as dairy or certain fruits. Stress and Fatigue: Mental or physical stress compromises the immunity and makes an environment open to reactivate the virus. Severe mental strain, inadequate rest, or chronic tiredness often go with a recurrence of symptoms. Environment: Extreme temperatures, whether hot or cold, can be stressful to the body and predispose it to outbreaks. In addition, any form of illness, for example, colds or flu, or hormonal imbalances such as those caused by menstruation, may compromise immunity and trigger symptoms. Untreated HSV-2 complications: both medical and emotional complications Untreated HSV-2 will result in severe complications to one’s health, both medically and emotionally: Recurring Breakouts: Untreated HSV-2 may eventually result in more frequent, worse breakouts, taking a longer time to recover from. This may continue indefinitely, causing discomfort and an impact on daily life. Neonatal Herpes: A pregnant woman with an active HSV-2 infection will risk transmitting the virus to her baby during delivery. Neonatal herpes can lead to severe complications for the newborn, such as neurological damage or life-threatening conditions. Emotional Impact: The stigma associated with HSV-2 can lead to feelings of anxiety, depression, or social isolation. Most people feel the emotional burden of living with a chronic condition and its potential effect on relationships. Effective Treatments for HSV-2 Although there is no cure for HSV-2, a number of treatments are available, which can control the symptoms well, reducing the number and severity of the outbreaks: Antiviral Drugs: The cornerstone of treatment for HSV-2 is the use of medications prescribed by the healthcare provider. These drugs reduce viral activity, shorten the duration of outbreaks, and lower the risk of transmission to others. Lifestyle Changes: Adopting a healthy lifestyle will drastically reduce the chances of outbreaks. A balanced diet, relaxation techniques to
Advanced Orthopaedic Solution for Modern Healthcare: Streamline Operations with Cellma
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents Orthopaedics is the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders related to bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Orthopaedics deals with everything from fracture care to degenerative diseases and helps thousands regain movement, improve quality of life, and maintain rehabilitation. Advanced technology is therefore needed for orthopaedic procedures and treatments to meet the increased demand, ensure efficient care, and manage the needs of patients. Cellma, our advanced HIMS, is the ultimate orthopaedic solution that streamlines workflows, improves patient results, and further helps healthcare providers deliver valuable care. Read the blog to learn how Cellma transforms orthopaedic management and hospital’s operations. Orthopaedics in Numbers: A Growing Need Orthopaedic is one of the fastest-expanding specialty around the globe. The need for care also goes beyond operations. According to NHS UK, in 2021-22, trauma and orthopaedics was the second most attended outpatient specialty in the UK, numbering at 6.7 million attendances. This increased to 7.2 million in 2023-24. As of March 2024, over 800,000 patients remain on waiting lists, many enduring prolonged pain and deteriorating conditions. Orthopaedic Departments Experience a Range of Challenges Tremendous patient volumes: Treating millions of patients every year is quite trying for resources. Prolonged waiting periods: Delays in treatment can exacerbate conditions, which then affects patient quality of life. Disconnected workflows: Inconsistencies between systems make it impossible to integrate care between departments. Massive complexity in data handling: High volumes of clinical, operational, and financial data overwhelm the hospital management. How Cellma Changes the Standards for Orthopaedic Solutions Cellma our advanced EMR solution, comprises a range of modules to address the issues in orthopaedic care. From increasing efficiency and communication, ensuring the best experience for the patient and provider alike, every module and feature has been crafted specifically to meet these needs. Patient Administration System (PAS) module: Cellma’s PAS module provides simplifications in patient registration, appointment scheduling, and bed management. It traces the patient’s journey from referral to discharge to ensure orthopaedic departments work effectively. For example, it can conduct real-time booking for the operating theatre slots to avoid delays and optimise resource utilisation. Electronic Patient Records (EPR) module: The EPR module consolidates patient information, providing orthopaedic teams immediate access to medical histories, radiological reports, and treatment plans. With time-based tracking of improvement, comparison of pre- and post-surgical data, and powerful analysis features in a secure, user-friendly interface, the clinician is in command. Imaging module: Orthopaedic care is highly dependent on diagnostic imaging, including X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans. Cellma imports images and their findings directly into the patient record, so clinicians can view and analyse the images without having to leave the system they are using. The imaging module saves time and assures accurate treatment planning. Lab Management: Cellma streamlines test ordering, tracking, and result management for patients requiring lab tests, especially orthopaedic patients. For example, preoperative tests for joint replacements will be arranged without any hassle, thus ensuring timely interventions. Document Management: Orthopaedic care generates a lot of paperwork ranging from consent forms to surgical notes. Cellma’s document management module allows for automatic digitisation and organisation of such records while they remain readily accessible with minimal burdens from administration. E-Pharmacy module: Cellma’s e-pharmacy module is a means of simplifying orthopaedic prescription management by connecting the clinician with the pharmacy without an intermediary. All prescriptions of post-operative pain management and rehabilitation medications can be made and monitored electronically to reach the patient on time. Communication Module: Cellma fills the gaps in communication between orthopaedic teams, administrators, and patients. Automated appointment reminders, secure messaging, and alerts keep everyone informed and coordinate more and ensure fewer missed appointments. Theatre Module: Theatre Module forms part of managing surgical procedures of any orthopaedic department. This module provides theatre scheduling support for efficient management by keeping track of the utilisation in the operating rooms and the management of the allocation of surgical staff. Real-time updates on availability of operating rooms ensure optimisation of resources, and integrating the data on surgeries will enable tracking of every procedure from patient preparation through recovery after surgery. It reduces delays and enhances flow while supporting better decision-making for the management of theatres. Multi-Disciplinary Module: The multi-disciplinary module would allow for teamwork since orthopaedic teams can more easily operate cohesively across departments. It also allows surgeons, physiotherapists, radiologists and so forth to gain access to shared patient data so they are in sync with others dealing with the aspects of a patient’s care. This module supports collaborative treatment planning, hence enabling teams to deliver more personalised, effective care, especially for complex cases such as joint replacements and trauma care. Business Intelligence and Reporting Module: With proper reporting tools, Cellma provides the orthopaedic departments an opportunity to gain insight into key metrics such as waiting times, procedure outcomes and resource utilisation. Predictive analytics can enable forecast demand and proactive resource planning. Patient Portal: Cellma’s Patient Portal enables the patient to control personal orthopaedic health. Thus, patients can set appointments; review medical records; inspect the outcome of imaging tests; and track their rehabilitation programme. Transparency increases collaboration and boosts patient satisfaction. Referral Portal: Cellma’s Referral Portal makes it possible to switch between primary care providers and orthopaedic specialists seamlessly without causing delays. Real-time tracking ensures timely consultation by specialists and full care for the patients. The demand for orthopaedic solutions only continues to grow, and at this point in time, that need is more pressing than ever for high-end, integrated technology. Cellma answers all those needs head-on with holistic tools that can optimise workflows, reduce wait times, and improve patient outcomes. Revolutionise your orthopaedic department. See what Cellma can do to change the face of your operations and patient care. Book a free demo today and experience the future of orthopaedic solutions. Book A Free Demo! Recent Blogs Let’s transform healthcare together. Speak with RioMed for a tailored solution. Get in Touch
Don’t Ignore That Stomach Pain—Here’s What You Need to Know About Peptic Ulcer Disease
Table of Contents Help Others Discover – Click to Share! Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Table of Contents Sloane had been suffering stomach pain for some weeks. She initially assumed this was stress or indigestion that led to such an unrelenting burning sensation that was draining all her energy and filling her with constant anxiety. Determined to get to the bottom line, Sloane booked an appointment online through Cellmaflex. Within minutes, she had scheduled an in-clinic consultation with a specialist, no phone call bookings, no long waits. On Sloane’s visit, the doctor reviewed her symptoms and medical history and took a few tests. The diagnosis? Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD). Armed with this diagnosis, her treatment started right away, due to which Sloane felt relieved to have clarity and thus a plan at long last. Peptic Ulcer Disease is far more common than most people might have thought. To gain a better understanding of it, read this blog for everything you need to know about the disease, including its symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options. What is Peptic Ulcer Disease? Peptic ulcer disease causes open sores in your stomach lining or duodenum (the top of your small intestine). The condition causes open sores – called ulcers – develop in the lining of your digestive tract. The prefix “peptic” denotes that it is related to digestion. Pepsin and stomach acid are your stomach’s active ingredients to chemically break down the food consumed so it can be digested. Some of these juices also pass into the first part of your small intestine (duodenum). By design, these juices are very corrosive. The entire length of your GI tract is protected with a mucous lining that insulates it from its contents. This lining is especially thick in your stomach and duodenum. However, in peptic ulcer disease, this protection fails, and digestive juices corrode through the lining. Most peptic ulcers occur in your stomach or duodenum, where the gastric juices are most active. They are less frequently found elsewhere in your GI tract. According to PLOS ONE, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) affects four million people worldwide annually and has an estimated lifetime prevalence of 5−10% in the general population. Age and Gender Factors PUD can strike at any age; duodenal ulcers affect mainly younger adults. The majority of people who are afflicted by gastric ulcers are older than 60. Men are somewhat more susceptible, though more recent lifestyle factors are increasingly causing the condition to afflict more females. What are the Categories of Peptic Ulcers? Peptic ulcer disease most commonly affects your stomach and duodenum. Duodenal ulcers account for almost 80% of peptic ulcers.Stomach ulcers account for almost 20% of peptic ulcers. You can get a peptic ulcer elsewhere in your gastrointestinal tract under unusual circumstances that cause stomach juices to pass through those parts. For example: Oesophageal ulcer: Chronic acid reflux, stomach acid rising into your oesophagus, may eventually erode the mucous lining in your oesophagus enough to cause an ulcer. Your oesophagus lining isn’t as protected against acid as your stomach lining is.Jejunal ulcer: You can develop an ulcer in your middle portion of your small intestine, which is known as your jejunum, as a complication of surgery that connects your stomach to your jejunum (gastrojejunostomy). It is also referred to as a stomal ulcer, marginal ulcer or anastomotic ulcer. Symptoms of PUD Up to 70% of people with peptic ulcer disease do not have noticeable symptoms. The most common ones are upper abdominal pain (epigastric pain) and indigestion (dyspepsia), which can come and go. Indigestion includes burning pain, a feeling of fullness after eating, and discomfort that can last a while. This burning is due to stomach acids damaging the gastrointestinal lining. Some people also experience a gnawing sensation in a specific spot. Oesophageal ulcers tend to present as heartburn, especially at night. Duodenal ulcers usually worsen 2-3 hours after eating, often relieved by eating: the pain is typically located in the midepigastric region. Night time pain also may be caused by duodenal or jejunal ulcers, which have an uncomfortable sensation of lower epigastric pain. Other possible signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease include: Distended abdomen Regurgitation or belching Loss of appetite Vomiting Symptoms of Complications Other people may not experience any symptoms before peptic ulcer disease presents other complications. This may happen when ulcers are left untreated for too long. The uncontrolled ulcers will begin bleeding or may continue to wear away your GI tract until an opening is formed. Upper GI bleeding signs and symptoms may range from: Passing blood in your stool Black, tarry stool Coffee ground vomitus Dizziness or faintness Paleness (Pallor) Elevated pulse rate (Tachycardia) Gastrointestinal perforation signs and symptoms may include: Acute, severe abdominal pain Abdomen distended or tender to palpation Fever and chills This can cause ulcers to repeatedly heal and then re-emerge. In some people, untreated peptic ulcer disease leads to widespread scarring and/or swelling in the GI tract, which can impede food movement and also lead to increased risk of gastric cancer. Constriction or obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract may involve any or all of the following: Abdominal bloating, distension, and pain Nausea and vomiting Loss of appetite and weight loss Bowel movements cessation and constipation What Causes Peptic Ulcer Disease? When something damages the protective mucous lining of the stomach or duodenum, it leads to peptic ulcer disease. The two main causes are: H. pylori infection: A common bacteria that induces chronic inflammation and weakening of the lining. Overuse of NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs): NSAIDs are common over the counter (OTC) pain relievers, including pain medications such as aspirin and ibuprofen which interfere with healing of the lining. Other less common causes include infections, ischemia resulting from reduced blood flow, extreme stress, chemotherapy, and other conditions, such as Crohn’s disease or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Ulcers may also be caused by chronic acid reflux or gastric bypass surgery in the stomach or oesophagus. What are the Risk Factors for Peptic Ulcer Disease? You are at
