Alzheimer’s Disease Unveiled: Navigating Types with Compassion
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It can be pretty unsettling to wake up and find that everyday tasks that were once familiar now seem confusing. Alzheimer’s disease is one such condition that can make simple routines, like preparing coffee, a bit of a challenge as memory slips away. Even the most cherished memories that were once vividly etched in the mind start to fade away, leaving gaps in one’s personal history. Friends and family, who were once a source of comfort, can become strangers in a new land, leading to feelings of helplessness and isolation. This is such a stark contrast to the person you once knew. Alzheimer’s disease not only takes away memories but also disrupts the very fabric of life, turning the familiar into something unfamiliar.
In this blog, we embark on a journey to explore the diverse types of Alzheimer’s. Together, we’ll take the first step towards creating a more compassionate and informed world for those affected by Alzheimer’s.
What is Alzheimer's Disease?
Alzheimer’s disease is a sneaky thief that quietly steals our memories, piece by piece, leaving blank spaces in our minds. This slowly worsening condition can make it hard to think, remember important things, and even recognize loved ones. It’s like having a fog in your brain that makes everything hazy and confusing, draining the joy and color from life.
According to the United Nations, at least 55 million people are currently living with Alzheimer’s disease. That’s more than the population of Colombia!
By 2030, there will be 78 million people with Alzheimer’s, and by 2050, that number will jump to 139 million.
What are the Different Types of Alzheimer's Disease?
While there are many ways to classify Alzheimer’s, the most common approach is based on the age of onset and genetic factors. Here are the main types of Alzheimer’s disease:
Late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease (LOAD)
- Prevalence and Age of Onset
Late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease (LOAD) is a common kind of Alzheimer’s. It affects people who are 65 years or older, and its risk increases with age. It’s important to note that the risk of developing LOAD doubles every five years after the age of 65, so it’s always good to keep an eye out for any signs or symptoms.
- Causes
It’s not entirely clear what causes LOAD, but it’s believed to be a result of multiple factors, including genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Some of the things that increase your risk of developing LOAD include having a family history of Alzheimer’s disease, certain genetic variations, cardiovascular issues, and making unhealthy lifestyle choices. On the other hand, making healthy choices like eating well and staying active can lower your risk.
- Genetics
Did you know that late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) has a genetic component? While genetics is not the only factor contributing to the development of LOAD, it plays a significant role. One of the most notable genetic risk factors for LOAD is the APOE gene. Individuals who have specific variants of the APOE gene, such as APOE ε4, are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s.
What is an APOE gene?
Your body has a helpful protein called apolipoprotein E (ApoE), made from a gene called APOE. This protein is like a taxi for cholesterol and other fats in your bloodstream, helping them get where they need to go. But there’s a tricky gene variant called APOE ε4 that can increase your chances of getting Alzheimer’s disease later in life.
Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease (EOAD)
- Prevalence and Age of Onset
Early-onset Alzheimer’s Disease (EOAD) can affect people as young as their 30s or 40s. It’s a relatively rare condition that affects individuals under the age of 65. EOAD accounts for a smaller percentage of cases compared to LOAD.
- Causes
Unlike LOAD, EOAD has a more clearly defined genetic basis. Specific genetic mutations are responsible for the early onset of the disease. Mutations in genes such as presenilin 2 (PSEN2) and presenilin 1 (PSEN1) are known to cause EOAD. These mutations lead to the overproduction or accumulation of amyloid-beta protein in the brain, a hallmark feature of Alzheimer’s disease.
- Familial Link
EOAD often runs in families due to its vital genetic component. If an individual has a parent or close relative with an identified genetic mutation associated with EOAD, their risk of inheriting and developing the disease is significantly increased.
What are the symptoms of Alzheimer's?
Dealing with Alzheimer’s disease can be tricky, but understanding its progression can make it a little easier to handle. During the initial stages, memory lapses are the most noticeable symptom. It’s normal to forget conversations, misplace things and struggle with names.
As the disease progresses, you may face some challenges with your memory. It could become tough to recognize your loved ones or recall your whereabouts. You might also experience confusion, have false beliefs, or even see things that aren’t there. As the condition advances, communicating effectively or sleeping well may become challenging.
As the condition progresses, everyday tasks like eating, dressing, and using the restroom can be challenging. In some cases, you might also have trouble with incontinence, swallowing, and speech.
Throughout the progression of the disease, remember to be patient, kind, and supportive of your loved ones with Alzheimer’s. You are not alone in facing this challenge. Several resources and people are available to assist you through this difficult time.
How to Communicate with Someone who has Alzheimer's
- Be patient and understanding
Alzheimer’s can cause people to have difficulty finding the right words, remembering things, or following conversations. Be patient and understanding, and don’t show frustration if they repeat themselves or seem confused.
- Speak clearly and slowly
Use short, simple sentences and avoid jargon or slang. Speak at a moderate pace and give the person plenty of time to process what you’re saying.
- Focus on the person, not the disease
Treat the person with respect and dignity, just as anyone else would. Don’t talk about them as if they’re not there, and don’t use “baby talk” or a condescending tone.
- Use non-verbal communication
Make eye contact, smile, and touch their arm or hand gently. Non-verbal communication can be very helpful in conveying empathy and reassurance.
- Validate their feelings
Let them know that you understand and sympathize with their feelings. Don’t argue with them or try to correct their memories.
- Use reminiscence therapy
Talk about shared memories from the past. This can be a comforting and enjoyable experience for people with Alzheimer’s.
Conclusion
Let’s remember that knowledge and compassion are our best friends as we navigate the complex world of Alzheimer’s. Understanding the different types of Alzheimer’s helps us face this challenge with empathy. If you or someone you love is on this journey, please know you’re not alone. There is support and guidance available. For professional assistance, consider Cellmaflex – a trusted source of expertise and care in Alzheimer’s disease. Together, we can build a world where compassion guides us through the fog of memory loss.
Disclaimer: Please note that the information is strictly for informative purposes. It is not intended to be used in lieu of professional medical advice, inclusive of diagnosis or treatment. It is strongly advised that you seek a doctor’s medical advice on any treatment or medical condition that you learn about.
Learn more about Alzheimer’s with these links:
Types of Alzheimer’s: Early-Onset, Late-Onset, and Familial (webmd.com)
Types of dementia | Alzheimer’s Society (alzheimers.org.uk)
Alzheimer’s disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
If you find yourself interested, For more information.
